序 Acknowledgements Abstract 摘要 Abbreviations Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Rationale for the Present Research 1.2 Overview of Exemplification Research 1.3 Research Objectives 1.4 Research Methodology 1.5 Research Framework 1.6 Outline of the Book
Chapter Two Intentionality of Illustrative Examples 2.1 Evidence for the Functions of Illustrative Examples 2.1.1 Psycholmguistic Evidence 2.1.2 Empirical Evidence 2.2 Nature of Illustrative Examples 2.2.1 Infinite Utterances vs. Prototypical Examples 2.2.2 Syntagmatic Relationship vs. Paradigmatic Relationship 2.3 Classification of Examples Functions 2.3.1 Descriptive Approach 2.3.2 User-oriented Approach 2.3.3 A Refined Classification of Examples Functions 2.3.4 A Case Study of the Exemplification of the Word monopoly 2.3.5 Discussion 2.4 Evincing lexicographic Intentions in Illustrative Examples 2.5 Summary
Chapter Three Informativity of Illustrative Examples 3.1 Impacts of Technological Innovations on the Choice of Dictionary Examples 3.1.1 Manual Collection of Data 3.1.2 Computer Corpus and KWIC Concordancing 3.1.3 Word Sketch Engine 3.1.4 FrameNet Concordancing 3.1.5 Summary of the Technological Advances 3.2 Semantic Information in Illustrative Examples 3.2.1 Overview of Frame Semantics 3.2.2 Implications of Frame Semantics for Lexicography 3.2.3 Application of Frame Semantics to Exemplification: A Case Study of the Lemma conclude 3.2.4 Procedures for Selecting Informative Examples from Corpus 3.3 Combinatory Information in Illustrative Examples 3.3.1 Significance of Word Combinatory Information in Linguistics and in Lexicography 3.3.2 Classification of Word Combinations: An Overview 3.3.3 Approaches to Phraseological Study 3.3.4 Method 3.3.5 Results 3.3.6 Discussion 3.3.7 Principles of Exemplifying Collocations 3.4 Syntactic Information in Illustrative Examples 3.4.1 Overview of Lexicogrammars 3.4.2 Treatment of Syntactic Information in Illustrative Examples in the "Big Five 3.5 Summary
Chapter Four Cohesion Between the Illustrative Example and the Source Text 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Relevant Studies 4:2.1 Theoretical Underpinnings 4.2.2 Critique of Relevant Research 4.3 Method 4.4 Results 4.4.1 Number of Example Sentences in the Sample Data 4.4.2 Person Deictic Expressions in Example Sentences 4.4.3 Place Deictic Expressions in Example Sentences 4.4.4 Time Deictic Expressions in Example Sentences 2 4.5 Discussion 4.5.1 Person Deictics from a Perspective of Information Structure Theory 4.5.2 here and there: Markers of Simultaneous Spoken Discourse 4.5.3 Conditions for Using Minor Types of Verb Tenses 4.6 Summary
Chapter Five Cohesion Between the Illustrative Example and the Dictionary Text 5.1 Relevant Studies 5.2 Method 5.3 Results 5.3.1 Effects of Word Frequency, Part-of-Speech and Lexical Meaning on Exemplification 5.3.2 Factors Affecting Exemplification of Regionalisms 5.3.3 Effects of a Words Subject Field on Exemplification 5.3.4 Effects of a Words Currency on Exemplification 5.3.5 Effects of a Words Style on Exemplification 5.3.6 Effects of a Words Attitude on Exemplification 5.3.7 Summary of the Results 5.4 Discussion 5.5 Summary
Chapter Six Acceptability of Illustrative Examples to EFL Learners 6.1 Relevant Studies 6.1.1 Users Needs for Examples 6.1.2 Effectiveness of Different Types of Examples in Language Learning Tasks 6.1.3 Effects of the Users Proficiency Level and the Background Knowledge on the Selection of Examples 6.1.4 Summary of Previous Studies 6.2 Method 6.3 Results 6.3.1 Results of the Questionnaire Survey 6.3.2 Results of the CLEC Concordances of the Erroneous Structure although...but.. 6.4 Discussion: Theorizing the Findings with Relevance Theory 6.4.1 Overview of Relevance Theory 6.4.2 Interpreting with Relevance Theory the Criterion of Acceptability for Illustrative Examples 6.5 Summary
Chapter Seven Conclusions 7.1 Main Findings 7.2 Implications 7.2.1 Implications for the Practice of Dictionary Exemplification 7.2.2 Implications for the Development of Metalexicographical Theory 7.3 Limitations of the 7.4 Concluding Remarks References Appendix Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5
精彩书摘
2.2 Nature of Illustrative Examples With the conviction that exemplification is an effective device, lexicographers have to consider another important issue: what is the nature of an illustrative example? The issue will be approached from modem linguistics perspective. 2.2.1 Infinite Utterances vs. Prototypical Examples Infinite utterances are possibly produced with a small number of linguistic rules. Hence, a word in question is likely to occur in an unlimited number of utterances. Even in a medium-sized computer corpus, a target word is often shown in many instances of usage. Yet, not every instance of word usage in a corpus is suitable for a diction- ary example. Of the numerous examples of usage, some illustrate the typical usage of a target word, and some are just untypical instances of usage. Consider the following sentences: (1) The dog is in the yard. (2) The dog is barking in the yard. Both sentences are appropriate in some situations, but in exemplifying the entry word dog in a dictionary intended for elementary learners, we may choose the second sentence as an example and drop the first one.
前言/序言
徐海博士带来书稿的清样索序,让我分享他的一份喜悦。随同书稿,他还给我捎来一篇文章。起初我没看清楚是什么内容。他走后,我瞅了一眼:原来是一篇将书稿部分内容加以拓展和深化而形成的论文,已为《国际词典学杂志》(International Journal of Lxicography)所采用。在此之前,徐海博士已经在《国际词典学杂志》上发表过论文,也是从本书稿中抽出的其中一些精华的章节。换言之,徐博士在本书中所体现的研究成果是为国际词典学界的同行所认可的。现在他在国内推出了全书,是件可喜可贺的事,我想读者乃至词典学界的人士都会从中受益的。 近20年来,词典学的专著,一部接一部出版,从通论到专论,从宏观研究至微观研究,功夫愈做愈细,问题的探讨也越来越深入,而视野则越来越开阔。徐博士这本《英语学习型词典典型词例的选取》就是个好例子。他探索的是一个范围有限的问题,但却综合了现代词典学、语言学、语料库语言学等成果,进行了多角度、全方位的研究。在这个问题上,采取较全面、较大规模的定量分析的,他是第一人,一反过去某些人只满足于主观推论或经验铺陈的做法。他的研究结论牢牢地建立在他所获得的数据的基础之上。因此,本书在提高英语学习型词典词例选取的质量方面、具有理论上的启发意义和实践上的指导意义,应该是无可置疑的。 我国词典学的发展出现了一个可喜的现象,开始和世界的同行接轨:在国际学术团体任职者有之,在国际会议上作主题发言人的有之,在国外的著名出版社或权威刊物出书、发文者有之。也就是说,我国的学者已经能够和世界的词典学家站在一个平台上说话。徐海博士就是这样一名能与国际学界对话的年轻学者。他这本著作用英文出版,不消说,将获得交流之便。但有点可惜的是,本书主要在国内发行,不谙英文的读者,也就无缘了解本书的内容以及其中所应用的理论和方法。但愿徐博士不久将来还有机会推出同类的中文著作,惠及我国广大读者和辞书工作者。