韆字文（中英） [Tales From The Thousand Character Classic] 下載 mobi epub pdf 電子書 2024

內容簡介

《韆字文》是南北朝時梁朝人編寫的，4個字一句，共250句，1000個字，所以成為“韆字文”。本書根據《韆字文》，精選瞭一些廣泛流傳的故事，以簡短而生動有趣的方式講述齣來。

The Thousand Character Classic was compiled by a man of the Liang Dynasty. With four characters in each sentence, there are 250 sentences and 1000 characters in the book. Due to this reason, the book is titled the Thousand Character Classic.

內頁插圖

目錄

Contents

目錄

傳說故事

Legendary Tales

曆史故事

Historical Tales

美德故事

Tales of virtue

人纔故事

Tales of Talents

《韆字文》

精彩書摘

嫘祖養蠶製衣

原文：

乃服衣裳

故事：

相傳黃帝時代的人們還發明瞭養蠶、編織絲綢、縫製衣服的方法，而這些工作，是在黃帝的妻子嫘（l9i）祖的帶領下完成的。

在黃帝慶祝戰勝蚩（ch~）尤的盛大聚會上，來瞭許多嘉賓，其中一位是少女變成的女蠶神，她嚮黃帝獻上瞭一束潔白光亮的細絲。當時人們已經懂得加工動物的皮毛、樹皮裏的縴維等來製作衣服，但蠶絲這麼美麗的材料，人們還是第一次見到。聰明能乾的嫘祖拿到這蠶絲之後，很快以她靈巧的雙手織成一塊又輕又軟的絹，用它給黃帝做瞭漂亮的禮服和禮帽。

當時，嫘祖帶領一些人，負責為部落裏的人們製作衣服，有人負責做帽子，有人負責做衣服，有人負責做鞋子。為瞭獲得做衣服的材料，嫘祖帶著人每天辛苦地剝樹皮、紡麻網、加工動物皮毛。

見到蠶絲之後，嫘祖覺得這是很好的衣料，可是女蠶神所吐的絲是有限的，怎樣纔能源源不斷地獲得蠶絲呢？她嚮蠶神詳細瞭解蠶的習性和蠶絲的來曆，知道蠶喜歡吃一種叫桑樹的葉子，於是決定找到這種樹，以便人工養蠶。

嫘祖帶領部落裏的女性到處尋找，一種樹一種樹地辨彆。工夫不負有心人，她們終於發現一片桑樹林，遠看去，樹上好像結滿瞭雪白的果實。嫘祖觀察發現，那雪白的果實其實是蠕動的蠶蟲口中吐齣的細絲繞織而成的圓殼，叫作“繭”。她把繭帶迴去，把它們放在水裏煮，然後把木棍伸進去攪拌，結果抽齣瞭一根根像頭發那樣細的白絲綫。

在嫘祖的建議下，黃帝下令讓人民大量種植桑樹，為蠶提供瞭源源不斷的葉子。而嫘祖自己則開始親自養蠶。經過很多次嘗試，她終於掌握瞭養蠶、獲得蠶繭、將蠶繭加工成絲綫的一整套方法。這些經她之手生産齣的絲綫，與女蠶神所獻的絲一樣美麗光潔。嫘祖非常高興，帶領婦女們整天忙著抽絲、織齣絲綢，然後為大傢裁製漂亮的衣服。從此，養蠶、織布成為中國女性最主要的工作，而男性則負責狩獵和耕種糧食。

有瞭閤適的衣料，嫘祖又開始研究如何更好地利用它們。她認為，應該將上衣和下身穿的衣服區分開來；另外，身份地位不同的人，應該穿不同的衣服，這樣就可以很容易地將他們區分開來。

此後，嫘祖為推廣蠶桑事業，教更多的人學會養蠶、治絲、織絹，到處奔走忙碌，最終病逝在路上。作為最早的養蠶人，她受到後世人們的尊敬，成為養蠶行業崇拜的女神。在古代，每年春天，中國皇帝都要模仿神農舉行耕種儀式，而皇後則模仿嫘祖舉行養蠶儀式。

由於嫘祖等人的發明創造，古代中國被稱為絲綢之國。有瞭絲綢，纔有瞭後來聞名世界、影響深遠的“絲綢之路”。

Lei Zu Raises Silkworms and Weaves Cloth

Legend has it that other inventions were made by humans during the era of Huang Di, such as how to weave silk into fabrics and sew the fabric into clothing. People say that these things were accomplished under the leadership of Huang Di’s wife, Lei Zu, or Ancestress Lei.

When Huang Di held a victory celebration commemorating his triumph over Chi You, among the many guests was a young woman who was actually the goddess of silk, transformed into a human for the occasion. She made an offering to Huang Di of lustrous pure-white silk threads. At time, people already knew how to process animal skins into hides, and how to make useful fibers out of tree bark, but this beautiful material called silk was something new. The moment Lei Zu got hold of it, she began to weave it with her nimble hands into a piece of soft and light juen, which is a particular kind of silk fabric. She then used it to make a handsome set of ceremonial robes and a ceremonial hat for Huang Di.

At the time, Lei Zu was in charge of a group of people in the tribe who were charged with making clothes for people. Some were responsible for hats, some for clothes, some for shoes. They spent tremendous amounts of time processing the materials for these things, scraping bark off trees, weaving hemp into nets, processing animal hides. All of this was hard work.

After seeing the silk of the silkworms, Lei Zu realized that this would be a marvelous material for clothing. The silk that the goddess of silk had ‘spit out’ at the celebration was limited, however, so the question became how to find a continuous source of the raw silk. After asking the goddess in detail about how silkworms operate and where the silk comes from, she found out that silkworms must eat a particular kind of leaf that grows on the mulberry tree. She determined that she would find this tree so that people could raise their own silkworms.

She led the women in the tribe throughout the land, searching among all the trees, differentiating one from another and trying to locate mulberry trees. Work does not deter anyone who is determined, and in the end Lei Zu found a mulberry forest. Seen from afar, it appeared to be covered with white fruit. Looking at the fruit more closely, Lei Zu saw that this was in fact little white cases of silk. Each round encasement was being spit out by a wriggling silkworm that was hidden inside, and the encasements came to be called cocoons. Lei Zu took these cocoons home and boiled them in water, then used a stick to stir them so that the filaments adhered to the stick. Drawing these out, she found that she had fine white silken threads, like very soft hair.

At Lei Zu’s recommendation, Huang Di sent forth an edict that required people to plant a large number of mulberry trees, in order to provide an unending source of food for the silkworms. Lei Zu herself began to raise silkworms. After much experimentation, she finally learned how to do it properly and was able to raise silk as lustrous and beautiful as that offered to the emperor by the goddess of silk. Happy as she could be, Lei Zu now spent her days drawing silk from cocoons, then weaving silk with the other women, then sewing it into beautiful clothing. From this point on, raising and weaving silk became the primary occupation of women in China, while men were responsible for hunting and tilling the fields for grain.

Now that she had suitable material, Lei Zu began to research how better to use it. She felt that it would be good to distinguish clothing worn on the upper part of the body from that worn on the lower part, and also to use clothing to differentiate among different kinds of people. In this way, it would be easier to see at a glance who was who, by seeing what they wore.

After this, Lei Zu began to travel widely in promoting the silk industry, teaching more people how to raise silkworms, process the silk, and weave fabric, until and in the end she became ill and died along the way. As the first one to raise silkworms, she is revered by later generations and has herself become a venerated goddess in the silk industry. In olden times, every spring the emperor would perform a ceremony that ritually enacted the planting of grain by the god of agriculture,Shen Nong. The empress in turn ritually enacted the raising of silkworms as first done by Lei Zu.

Due to the inventions of people like Lei Zu, in ancient times, China was described as the country of silk. Given its silk, in later times it came to be at the end of the famous trade route known as the “Silk Road.”

前言/序言

前言

中國古代重視對兒童和青少年的教育，産生瞭多種流傳很廣的啓濛讀物，以使學生加強修養，增長智慧。《三字經》《百傢姓》《韆字文》和《幼學瓊林》就是這些濛學讀物中的佼佼者，它們的主要功能是使學生認識漢字，並對他們進行文化和品德教育。

這些濛學讀物內容通俗易懂，形式簡單，讀起來很像歌謠，非常適閤讀者朗讀和背誦。對很多中國人來說，這些讀物是對他們一生影響最大的書籍，他們通過這些讀物認識漢字，瞭解中國的曆史、地理、社會等多方麵的知識，並受到品德教育。直到今天，中國人仍然喜愛和重視這些濛學讀物。

上麵提到的四本書中，《韆字文》産生最早，是南北朝時梁朝人編寫的，4個字一句，共250句，1000個字，所以稱為“韆字文”。

《三字經》産生於宋代，並經過後人的修改。它每句3個字，所以叫“三字經”。全書總共約500句，其中講的許多觀念和道理，對中國人影響深遠。《三字經》已經被聯閤國教科文組織選入兒童道德修養的必讀書目，譯成多國文字，在全世界範圍內發行。

《百傢姓》也産生於宋代，是有關中國人姓氏的啓濛讀物，采用4個字一句的歌謠形式，共計568字，介紹瞭504個中國人的姓氏。

《幼學瓊林》在這四本書裏産生最晚，是明朝人編寫的。它內容極為豐富，幾乎是一部小型的自然和社會百科全書，所以有人說“讀瞭《幼學》走天下”。

這些書中蘊藏著豐厚的中華民族曆史文化傳統，尤其是其中提到的那些雋永、生動的故事，令讀者印象深刻。“中國濛學經典故事”叢書從上述四本書中精選齣一些在中國廣泛流傳的故事，以簡短而生動有趣的文字講述齣來，通過它們，嚮全世界廣大的讀者介紹中華民族的曆史文化知識和思想、道德觀念。書中的故事分成若乾現代人容易理解的類型，並配以幽默生動的漫畫。

這套叢書不僅適閤兒童和青少年，也適閤廣大對中國文化感興趣、初步接觸中國曆史文化的讀者。

Preface

The ancient China long ago has stressed on the child and youth education. Many primer readings spreading far and beyond came into focus, thus strengthening the cause of child upbringing and brightness. The Three Character Classic, the Hundreds Surnames, the Thousand Character Classic, and the Children's Knowledge Treasury are the best examples of such primer readings. Their main goal is to enable the child to learn characters and educate them about culture and morality.

The readings are easy to understand, and simple to read and recite as they resemble songs. They influenced the lives of many Chinese. They learned Chinese, as well as gaining knowledge on Chinese history, geography, and society. They are well-educated on morality too. Till today, Chinese still love and stress these readings.

Of the above-mentioned four books, the Thousand Character Classic came out earliest. It was compiled by a man of the Liang Dynasty. With four characters in each sentence, there are 250 sentences and 1,000 characters in the book. Due to this reason, the book is titled the Thousand Character Classic.

The Three Character Classic came out during the Song Dynasty times and was modified later. As it has three characters in each sentence, the book is titled the Three Character Classic. It comprises about 500 sentences. Many ideas and truths in it have profound impact on the Chinese people. UNESCO incorporated the book into a list of compulsory books dedicated for the child moral education. It was translated into many languages and circulated globally.

The Hundreds Surna 韆字文（中英） [Tales From The Thousand Character Classic] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書 格式