1Q84 英文原版 [精装]

1Q84 英文原版 [精装] pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2025

Haruki Murakami(村上春树) 著,Jay Rubin,Philip Gabriel 译
图书标签:
  • Fiction
  • Science Fiction
  • Dystopian
  • Japanese Literature
  • Haruki Murakami
  • Book 1
  • Parallel Worlds
  • Mystery
  • Literary Fiction
  • Cult Classic
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出版社: Knopf Publishing Group
ISBN:9780307593313
版次:1
商品编码:19225351
包装:精装
出版时间:2011-10-25
用纸:胶版纸
页数:925
正文语种:英文
商品尺寸:16.26x4.57x23.88cm;1.27kg

具体描述

编辑推荐

  1979-2009,村上春树创造30年巅峰杰作!
  荣获2009年日本“年度最畅销图书”第1名。
  村上春树荣登日本“年度最受欢迎作家”第1名。
  荣获韩国2009年“年度最受欢迎图书”第1名。
  荣获2009年“年度最畅销图书”第1名。

内容简介

The year is 1984 and the city is Tokyo.

A young woman named Aomame follows a taxi driver’s enigmatic suggestion and begins to notice puzzling discrepancies in the world around her. She has entered, she realizes, a parallel existence, which she calls 1Q84 —“Q is for ‘question mark.’ A world that bears a question.” Meanwhile, an aspiring writer named Tengo takes on a suspect ghostwriting project. He becomes so wrapped up with the work and its unusual author that, soon, his previously placid life begins to come unraveled.

As Aomame’s and Tengo’s narratives converge over the course of this single year, we learn of the profound and tangled connections that bind them ever closer: a beautiful, dyslexic teenage girl with a unique vision; a mysterious religious cult that instigated a shoot-out with the metropolitan police; a reclusive, wealthy dowager who runs a shelter for abused women; a hideously ugly private investigator; a mild-mannered yet ruthlessly efficient bodyguard; and a peculiarly insistent television-fee collector.

A love story, a mystery, a fantasy, a novel of self-discovery, a dystopia to rival George Orwell’s—1Q84 is Haruki Murakami’s most ambitious undertaking yet: an instant best seller in his native Japan, and a tremendous feat of imagination from one of our most revered contemporary writers.

作者简介

Haruki Murakami was born in Kyoto in 1949 and now lives near Tokyo. His work has been translated into forty-two languages. The most recent of his many honours is the Franz Kafka Prize.
村上春树:著名作家。 1979年,《且听风吟》出版以来,寂寞忧郁的文字、清淡闲适的情节,尤其是独特新颖的都市感觉的写作文风,令万千读者如痴如醉。随着《挪威的森林》、《舞!舞!舞!》、《海边卡夫卡》等作品的陆续出版,逐渐赢得世界性的崇高声誉,最终形成“村上春树文学山系”。 2009年,集毕生文学之大成的巅峰杰作《1Q84》隆重出版,以席卷之势荣登日本所有畅销榜首,在整个日本、东亚乃至全球都引起巨大反响。正如媒体评论:“如此重大而复杂的题材,几可视为日本文学在新千年的伟大开篇。

精彩书评

“A book that . . . makes you marvel, reading it, at all the strange folds a single human brain can hold . . . A grand, third-person, all encompassing meganovel. It is a book full of anger and violence and disaster and weird sex and strange new realities, a book that seems to want to hold all of Japan inside of it . . . Murakami has established himself as the unofficial laureate of Japan—arguably its chief imaginative ambassador, in any medium, to the world: the primary source, for many millions of readers, of the texture and shape of his native country . . . I was surprised to discover, after so many surprising books, that he managed to surprise me again.”
—Sam Anderson, The New York Times Magazine

“Profound . . . A multilayered narrative of loyalty and loss . . . A fully articulated vision of a not-quite-nightmare world . . . A big sprawling novel [that] achieves what is perhaps the primary function of literature: to reimagine, to reframe, the world . . . At the center of [1Q84’s] reality . . . is the question of love, of how we find it and how we hold it, and the small fragile connections that sustain us, even (or especially) despite the odds . . . This is a major development in Murakami’s writing . . . A vision, and an act of the imagination.”
—David L. Ulin, Los Angeles Times

“Murakami is clearly one of the most popular and admired novelists in the world today, a brilliant practitioner of serious, yet irresistibly engaging, literary fantasy . . . Once you start reading 1Q84, you won’t want to do much else until you’ve finished it . . . Murakami possesses many gifts, but chief among them is an almost preternatural gift for suspenseful storytelling . . . Despite its great length, [his] novel is tightly plotted, without fat, and he knows how to make dialogue, even philosophical dialogue, exciting . . . Murakami’s novels have been translated into a score of languages, but it would be hard to imagine that any of them could be better than the English versions by Jay Rubin, partnered here with Philip ?Gabriel . . . There’s no question about the sheer enjoyability of this ?gigantic novel, both as an eerie thriller and as a moving love story . . . I read the book in three days and have been thinking about it ever since.”
—Michael Dirda, The Washington Post

“Fascinating . . . A remarkable book in which outwardly simple sentences and situations snowball into a profound meditation on our own very real dystopian trappings . . . One of those rare novels that clearly depict who we are now and also offer tantalizing clues as to where literature may be headed . . . I’d be curious to know how Murakami’s yeoman translators Jay Rubin and Philip Gabriel divided up the work . . . because there are no noticeable bumps in the pristine and deceptively simple prose . . . More than any author since Kafka, Murakami appreciates the genuine strangeness of our real world, and he’s not afraid to incorporate elements of surrealism or magical realism as tools to help us see ourselves for who we really are. 1Q84 is a tremendous accomplishment. It does every last blessed thing a masterpiece is supposed to—and a few things we never even knew to expect.”
—Andrew Ervin, The San Francisco Chronicle

“[1Q84] is fundamentally different from its predecessors. We realize before long that it is a road. And what the writer has laid down is a yellow brick road. It passes over stretches of deadly desert, to be sure, through strands of somniferous poppies, and past creatures that hurl their heads, spattering us with spills of kinked enigma. But the destination draws us: We crave it, and the craving intensifies as we go along (unlike so many contemporary novels that are sampler menus with neither main course nor appetite to follow). More important, the travelers we encounter, odd and wildly disparate as they are, possess a quality hard to find in Murakami’s previous novels: a rounded, sometimes improbable humanity with as much allure as mystery. It is not just puzzlement they present, but puzzled tenderness; most of all in the two leading figures, Aomame and Tengo. Converging through all manner of subplot and peril, they arouse a desire in us that almost mirrors their own . . . Murakami makes us want to follow them; we are reluctant to relinquish them. Who would care about the yellow brick road without Scarecrow’s, Woodman’s and Lion’s freakiness and yearning? What is a road, particularly Murakami’s intricately convoluted road, without its human wayfarers?”
—Richard Eder, The Boston Globe

1Q84 is one of those books that disappear in your hands, pulling you into its mysteries with such speed and skill that you don’t even notice as the hours tick by and the mountain of pages quietly shrinks . . . I finished 1Q84 one fall evening, and when I set it down, baffled and in awe, I couldn’t help looking out the window to see if just the usual moon hung there or if a second orb had somehow joined it. It turned out that this magical novel did not actually alter reality. Even so, its enigmatic glow makes the world seem a little strange long after you turn the last page. Grade: A.”
—Rob Brunner, Entertainment Weekly

“A 932-page Japanese novel set in Tokyo in which the words ‘sushi’ and ‘sake’ never appear but there are mentions of linguine and French wine, as well as Proust, Faye Dunaway, The Golden Bough, Duke Ellington, Macbeth, Churchill, Janáèek, Sonny and Cher, and, give the teasing title, George Orwell? Welcome to the world of Haruki Murakami . . . A symmetrical and multi-layered yarn, as near to a 19th-century three-decker as it is possible to be . . . The label of fantasy-realism has been stuck to it, but it actually has more of a Dickensian or Trollopian structure . . . Explicit, yet subtle and dream-like, combining viciousness with whimsy . . . this is Murakami’s unflagging and masterful take on the desire and pursuit of the Whole.”
—Paul Theroux, Vanity Fair

“Do you miss the girl with the dragon tattoo? Do you long for the thrill of following her adventures again through three volumes of exciting, intelligent fiction? If so, I have good news for you. She’s got a sort of soul sister in one of the two main characters in Haruki Murakami’s wonderful novel 1Q84 . . . With more than enough narrative and intellectual heft to make it enjoyable for anyone with a taste for moving representations of modern consciousness in the magical realist mode, this story may easily carry you away to a new world and keep you there for a long time . . . The deep and resonant plot . . . unfolds at a leisurely pace but in compelling fashion by luring us along with scenes of homicidal intrigue, literary intrigue, religious fanaticism, physical sex, metaphysical sex and asexual sex. And music . . . Murakami’s main characters find themselves drawn toward each other as irresistibly, magnetically, hypnotically, soulfully and physically as any characters in Western fiction. Given the plain-spoken but appealing nature of the prose (translated by Jay Rubin and Philip Gabriel), most of you will feel that same power as an insinuating compulsion to read on, despite the enormous length, hoping against hope for a happy ending under a sky with either two moons or one. Two moons—two worlds—a girl with—900 pages—1Q84 is a gorgeous festival of words arranged for maximum comprehension and delicious satisfaction.”
—Alan Cheuse, NPR

“Murakami’s new novel is the international literary giant at his uncanny, mesmerizing best . . . The spell cast by Murakami’s fiction is formed in the tension between his grounded accounts of everyday life and the otherworldly forces that keep intruding on that life, propelling the characters into surreal adventures . . . Translation is at the center of what Murakami does; not a translation from one tongue to another, but the translation of an inner world into this, the outer one. Very few writers speak the truths of that secret, inner universe more fluently.”
—Laura Miller, Salon
《失落的图书馆》 作者:艾米莉·卡特 译者:[此处填写一位虚构的著名译者姓名] 装帧:典藏版精装 页数:约780页 --- 引言:被遗忘的知识与追寻的旅程 在历史的尘埃之下,总有一些故事被时间的洪流冲刷得模糊不清,一些知识的碎片散落在文明的边缘,等待着有缘人重新拾起。这不仅仅是一部小说,它更像是一张地图,一张绘制着人类集体记忆迷宫的地图。 《失落的图书馆》讲述了一个关于执念、失忆、以及对“真理”的永恒探寻的故事。故事的主人公,伊莱亚斯·凡恩,是一位古籍修复师,他的生活如同他修复的羊皮纸一样,严谨、安静,沉浸在逝去的气息之中。然而,这份宁静在一次偶然的机会中被彻底打破——他继承了一笔祖母留下的遗产:一座位于遥远布列塔尼半岛海岸线上的、被当地人称为“寂静之塔”的古老宅邸。 这座宅邸并非普通的住所,它在其深处隐藏着一个未被正式编目的私人图书馆,一个据传言比亚历山大图书馆的残卷还要神秘的知识宝库。伊莱亚斯发现,这个图书馆的结构本身就是一种谜题,书架的排列、书籍的分类,甚至空气中的湿度,都似乎在遵循着某种晦涩的、只有少数天才学者才能理解的逻辑。 第一部:寂静之塔的低语 伊莱亚斯的到来,唤醒了这个沉睡百年的空间。他发现,图书馆内收藏的并非寻常的文学或历史著作,而是充斥着关于失落文明、未被证实的科学理论、炼金术手稿,以及用数种已灭绝语言写成的哲学论著。 故事的核心围绕着一本名为《奥菲斯的碎片》的文本展开。这本书似乎是理解整个图书馆布局的关键,但它被分解成了七个部分,分散收藏在不同的、需要特定知识或工具才能打开的密室之中。 随着伊莱亚斯对书籍的深入接触,他开始经历一些奇异的现象。文字仿佛在他眼前移动,某些段落的内容会根据他当天的心境而发生微妙的变化。他意识到,这座图书馆不仅仅是知识的容器,它更像是一个活的实体,一个记录着时间流逝和人类思想演变的有机体。 他结识了当地的学者——一个名叫索菲亚的语言学家。索菲亚沉迷于研究中世纪的密码学,她认为图书馆内所有的加密都源于一个单一的“母语”,一种比已知任何印欧语系都要古老的交流方式。两人的合作,从最初的学术探讨,逐渐演变成一场生死攸关的冒险。他们必须在时间——以及一股试图阻止他们揭示真相的神秘组织——的赛跑中,解开图书馆的层层保护。 第二部:知识的代价与守护者 伊莱亚斯和索菲亚的调查将他们带离了布列塔尼的海岸,远赴罗马的地下档案馆,前往威尼斯的被洪水淹没的地下室,甚至深入到安第斯山脉中被遗忘的印加祭坛。每一次旅程,都是为了寻找《奥菲斯的碎片》的一角,而每一次成功,都伴随着越来越沉重的代价。 他们发现,这座图书馆是由一个自称“知识的编织者”的古老团体所建立和守护的。这个团体的目标并非垄断知识,而是保护某些“不适合”被当前时代理解的、足以颠覆现有世界观的发现。他们相信,人类的心灵在发展到某个特定阶段之前,无法承受某些真理的重量。 在探索中,伊莱亚斯偶然发现了他祖母的日记。日记揭示了一个惊人的秘密:凡恩家族几代人都是这个“编织者”团体的成员,而他继承的图书馆,实际上是一个巨大的“安全屋”,用来隔离那些可能导致文明倒退的知识。他的祖母并非单纯的图书收藏家,她是一位坚定的守护者,她用尽一生来设置那些复杂的机关和谜题,以确保只有具备足够“谦逊”和“理解力”的人才能进入核心区域。 第三部:最后的卷轴与存在的悖论 随着最后一块碎片被拼凑完整,《奥菲斯的碎片》揭示的真相震撼人心。它并非预言或秘籍,而是一系列关于“时间感知”的物理学理论,这些理论暗示着人类对现实的体验,可能只是一个被层层过滤后的低维投影。 故事的高潮发生在图书馆的核心区域——一个被设计成模拟宇宙星空的圆形大厅。当伊莱亚斯和索菲亚将碎片组合完毕,并以正确的语调朗读出最终的章节时,图书馆的防御系统启动了。一股强大的、非物理性的力量试图将他们从知识的边缘推回。 这时,一个神秘的“图书馆管理员”出现了,他并非是伊莱亚斯的敌人,而是知识的最终仲裁者。他解释道,知识本身是中立的,但它对不同心智结构的冲击力是截然不同的。伊莱亚斯和索菲亚通过了考验,证明了他们对知识的追求是源于探究的渴望,而非占有的欲望。 最终,伊莱亚斯面临抉择:是公之于众,彻底改变人类对宇宙的认知,冒着引发混乱的风险;还是重新将所有知识封存,让世界继续在它已知的、舒适的框架内运行? 尾声:重塑的现实 小说的结局留下了一个开放而深远的思考。伊莱亚斯做出了一个出乎所有人意料的决定。他没有销毁知识,也没有将它公之于众。他选择了一种更微妙的方式——他重新“编织”了图书馆的入口。 他将自己所学到的知识,用一种人类能够理解,但又不至于颠覆现有科学体系的方式,融入到了新的、看似普通的学术发现之中。他成为了一个“影子学者”,一个在主流视野之外,悄悄引导人类思想走向更深层次的智者。 《失落的图书馆》探讨了知识的边界、记忆的可靠性,以及我们对“真实”的定义。它邀请读者思考:我们所依赖的现实,是否只是被精心整理和保护过的一个版本?而那些被历史遗弃的卷轴中,是否隐藏着通往更高维度的钥匙? 本书特色: 细致入微的氛围营造: 对古老建筑、羊皮纸气味、以及不同文化背景下神秘仪式的描写,极具画面感和沉浸感。 智力挑战与冒险的完美结合: 穿插了真实的密码学、古希腊哲学引用以及晦涩的天文学知识,考验读者的好奇心。 对“信息时代”的反思: 在一个信息唾手可得的时代,本书深刻探讨了“真正的理解”与“肤浅的获取”之间的巨大鸿沟。 --- 读者须知: 《失落的图书馆》是一部献给所有对未解之谜抱有敬畏之心、愿意在书页中迷失的人的史诗级作品。请准备好质疑你所相信的一切。

用户评价

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整体氛围的营造是这本书最成功的地方之一,它成功地创造了一种独一无二的、难以用言语准确归类的情绪基调。那是一种介于魔幻现实主义和深刻的孤独感之间的微妙张力。书中描绘的场景,无论是寂静的街道,还是充满符号意义的细节,都浸染着一种近乎宗教式的肃穆与神秘。这种氛围感是如此的强大,以至于你感觉自己仿佛也进入了那个特定的时空维度,呼吸着那里的空气,感受着潜藏在平静表面下的暗流涌动。它不依赖于传统的悬念来推动情节,而是依赖于这种弥漫开来的、令人心悸的“不对劲感”。这种氛围的构建,如同背景音乐般贯穿始终,它引导着读者的情绪,让人在享受故事的同时,也体会到一种面对未知世界的敬畏与不安。读完之后,这种独特的“场域感”并不会立刻消散,它会像一个回响一样,在日常生活中时不时地让你停下来,重新审视你习以为常的世界的另一面。

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从叙事的结构来看,这本书的组织方式简直是鬼斧神工,充满了令人惊叹的层次感。它不是简单的前后铺陈,而是像一个精密的万花筒,不同时间线、不同视角的光线不断折射、交错,最终组合成一幅宏大而又充满细节的图景。初读时,你可能会感到有些许的迷惘,仿佛被抛入了一个迷宫,线索看似杂乱无章,但随着阅读的深入,你会逐渐察觉到那些隐藏在表象之下的精妙布局。作者似乎有一种魔力,总能在不经意间抛出一个关键的意象或一个不起眼的细节,而这个点在后续的章节中会以一种极其震撼的方式被点亮或呼应。这种“伏笔的艺术”达到了一个极高的境界,让人不得不佩服作者在构建世界观和情节张力上的超凡耐心与精准计算。每一次的视角切换,都不是为了制造混乱,而是为了从新的角度来审视同一个核心谜团,这让故事的探索性大大增强,每次“恍然大悟”的瞬间都充满了阅读的快感。

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这本书的装帧设计简直是艺术品,拿到手上就有一种庄重感。精装的书壳质地非常考究,摸上去有一种温润的触感,让人不忍释卷。内页的纸张选择也十分用心,那种微微泛黄的米白色调,不仅减轻了长时间阅读带来的视觉疲劳,更平添了一份古典的韵味。书脊的装订工艺看得出是下足了功夫,平整且坚固,即便是经常翻阅,也丝毫不用担心会散架。我尤其欣赏封面设计的那种留白的处理方式,简约中透着深邃的哲学意味,仿佛在暗示着书中的世界并非寻常的线性叙事。这种对物理实体的极致追求,无疑提升了阅读的仪式感。对于我这种有收藏癖的读者来说,这样的版本简直是心头好,它不仅仅是一本书,更像是一件可以长久珍藏的工艺品,每一次摩挲都能带来新的感触。而且,精装版的厚度与分量,也恰好能让人在捧读时感受到那种沉甸甸的、承载着宏大叙事的重量感,这种物质层面的体验,是电子阅读永远无法替代的。它安静地躺在书架上,本身就是一种无声的宣言,宣告着其中蕴含的非凡故事。

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这本书对人性的探讨,深度和广度都令人感到震撼,它远远超出了普通小说的范畴,更像是一部哲学思辨录。书中描绘的那些角色,没有一个是扁平化的符号,他们都带着各自的困境、信仰和妥协,在巨大的命运洪流中艰难求生或挣扎反抗。最让我触动的是它对于“真实”与“虚构”界限的模糊处理,这种模糊性迫使读者必须跳出固有的认知框架,去质疑自己所处世界的确定性。角色们在寻找真相的过程,其实也是读者在进行自我审视的过程。你很难简单地用“好人”或“坏人”来定义他们,他们都在既定的规则下,以自己的方式试图理解和适应那个正在悄然发生变化的世界。这种对复杂人性的细致入微的刻画,使得故事拥有了持久的生命力,它不只是在讲述一个故事,更是在提出关于存在意义、自由意志以及环境对个体塑造力的永恒追问。

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阅读体验的流畅性,很大程度上取决于译者的功力,而这次的翻译,可以说是达到了信达雅的完美平衡。文字的流动性极佳,即便是面对那些极其复杂的、充满隐喻的段落,译者也总能找到既忠实于原意又不失中文美感的表达方式。我发现,有些句子读起来甚至比我预想的还要精妙,仿佛作者本人就是用中文进行创作一般。特别是在描绘人物微妙的心理活动和环境氛围的营造上,译文的处理细腻得令人拍案叫绝。那种难以言喻的疏离感、那种似是而非的联系感,都被恰到好处地捕捉并呈现了出来。这让阅读过程始终保持着一种高度的沉浸感,几乎没有出现因为晦涩的翻译而需要停下来反复琢磨的情况。可以说,译者是充当了一位技艺高超的桥梁建造者,成功地跨越了语言的鸿沟,让原著的精神内核得以完整、生动地传达到我们面前。这种翻译的质量,决定了我们能否真正“进入”那个构建起来的全新世界。

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我不懂音乐。读村上的书,我不只一次为此感到遗憾。因为越来越能感觉到村上的小说,呈现出音乐的属性。《海边的卡夫卡》是标准的平行蒙太奇,像奏鸣曲。他并不在表层的两条故事线中制造联系。有一种均衡,平正之感。尽管有杀父,娶母的情结,但是表层情节相对愉悦,幽默,轻松。

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相比之下,我更喜欢施小炜的译笔。林少华的译作中有一种年长者不紧不慢的优雅,阅读时,不知不觉速度就会慢下来。他在赏玩着某些东西。施小炜并不赏玩任何东西。他的译笔流露出一种清晰和准确。就像切开了毛皮和血肉,直见雪白的骨骼一般。此外,我感到安心。不管是林少华,还是施小炜,他们呈现的都是村上春树。就灵魂和精神而言,村上春树不容篡改。只不过是文笔的差别而已,内核完整而坚固的等在那里。

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《1Q84》我还没有看到全貌。在初展露的线索中,很多小主题下编织了很多人物。比如遭受男性暴力而死去——大冢环,老太太的女儿,亚由美。全部作用在青豆身上。这三个人物是对应了她的最初觉醒,与老太太联盟,诛杀领袖这三个重要的情节点。比如因为年少时受到男性的猥亵而不能正常生活——亚由美,深绘里,阿翼。比如因为家人是*/以生活惨烈——青豆,深绘里,阿翼。而这一组人物,是以她们的年龄来排序的,青豆约二十七八岁,深绘里十七岁,阿翼十岁。青年,少年,童年。她们挣脱了,正在挣脱,挣脱失败(眼下)那种可怕的生活。

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村上春树是一个不喜欢赤裸裸说出真相的人,之前已经说过。他喜欢将内核包裹得严严实实。但是这一次,在这样的主题面前,他不再愿意暧昧自己的立场。直抒胸臆,爱憎分明。所以,我想,他赋予了青

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《1Q84》也是平行线,但是很早就展露两条故事线千丝万缕的联系。有险奇,紧张之感。村上喜欢设置均衡的人物。比如在《挪威的森林》里,渡边少时身边出现的是木下和直子这一对情侣,青年时出现的是永泽和初美这一对情侣。木下和永泽是对应设置的人物,都极具魅力,但是木下清澈,永泽污浊。直子和初美也是对应的设置,两人有同样的命运归宿。直子和绿子也是对应的设置。直子与玲子同样如此。

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我不懂音乐。读村上的书,我不只一次为此感到遗憾。因为越来越能感觉到村上的小说,呈现出音乐的属性。《海边的卡夫卡》是标准的平行蒙太奇,像奏鸣曲。他并不在表层的两条故事线中制造联系。有一种均衡,平正之感。尽管有杀父,娶母的情结,但是表层情节相对愉悦,幽默,轻松。

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村上春树是一个不喜欢赤裸裸说出真相的人,之前已经说过。他喜欢将内核包裹得严严实实。但是这一次,在这样的主题面前,他不再愿意暧昧自己的立场。直抒胸臆,爱憎分明。所以,我想,他赋予了青

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最近几天在读《1Q84》前两卷。我喜欢村上春树,他的书几乎全部读过。在很久以前,我就有一种疑问,我所读到的,(当然全部是林少华翻译的),到底是林少华的腔调,还是村上春树的腔调?我说的腔调,就是那种随处可见的“哎,哎,我说某某君,这是何苦呢?”“得,得,不说也罢!”“与其和什么相比,倒也未尝不可”,以及“俄尔”“少顷”这种在现代汉语中很少出现的词语。越到后来,越觉得难以想象,这是那个每天长跑,每天写作的村上春树的腔调。

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私底下,托尔金被任何有关种族及语言学意含的事物吸引,并且思考著一种与生俱来的语言品味,一种他在1955年“英语与威尔士语”这场演讲中所提到的“母语”(native language),相对于自幼时所学的语言(cradle language)。他认为西密德兰的中古英语是他所拥有的“母语”,就如同他在1955年给大诗人奥登的书信中所提到:‘在血缘上,我是一位西密德兰人(并且早先在我第一眼看到西密德兰的中古英语时,我就已经视他为已知的语言)。’

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