引力 [AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEINS GENERAL RELATIVITY] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

☆☆☆☆☆
简体网页||繁体网页

点击这里下载

类似图书 点击查看全场最低价

---

内容简介

　　Einstein的广义相对论是现代物理的基石。它包括了大量讲述时空的前沿话题，黑洞、重力波以及宇宙学。随着广义相对论越来越成为同时代物理和天文学的中心，其在本科教育中的地位也显得尤为重要。这本全新的教材很适合本科生作为了解该课程的基础理论。物理优先、数学理论尽可能少、大量的应用实例，作者为物理学家和对该学科感兴趣的读者自然顺畅的讲述了这门学科。
　　读者对象：《引力》适用于物理专业的本科生，研究生以及对该学科感兴趣的广大读者。
　　目次：（第一部分）牛顿物理和狭义相对论中的时空：引力物理；几何作为物理；牛顿物理中的空间；时间和引力；狭义相对论原理；狭义相对论力学； （第二部分）广义相对论的弯曲时空：引力作为几何；弯曲时空的描述；测地线；球形星体外的几何；广义相对论的太阳系检验；实用相对论引力；引力坍缩和黑洞；天体物理学黑洞；微小转动；旋转黑洞；引力波；宇宙观察；宇宙学模型；什么是宇宙以及为什么；（第三部分）Einstein方程：数学部分；曲率和Einstein方程；曲率源；引力波发射；相对论星体。

内页插图

目录

Preface
PART I SPACE AND TIME IN NEWTONIAN　PHYSICS AND SPECIAL RELATIVITY
1 Gravitational Physics
2 Geometry as Physics
2.1 Gravity Is Geometry
2.2 Experiments in Geometry
2.3 Different Geometries
2.4 Specifying Geometry
2.5 Coordinates and Line Element
2.6 Coordinates and Invariance

3 Space， Time， and Gravity in　Newtonian Physics
3.1 Inertial Frames
3.2 The Principle of Relativity
3.3 Newtonian Gravity
3.4 Gravitational and Inertial Mass
3.5 Variational Principle for Newtonian Mechanics

4 Principles of Special Relativity
4.1 The Addition of Velocities and the Michelson-Morley Experiment
4.2 Einsteins Resolution and Its Consequences
4.3 Spacetime
4.4 Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox
4.5 Lorentz Boosts
4.6 Units

5 Special Relativistic Mechanics
5.1 Four-Vectors
5.2 Special Relativistic Kinematics
5.3 Special Relativistic Dynamics
5.4 Variational Principle for Free Particle Motion
5.5 Light Rays
5.6 Observers and Observations

PART Ⅱ THE CURVED SPACETIMES OF GENERAL RELATIVITY
6 Gravity as Geometry
6.1 Testing the Equality of Gravitational and Inertial Mass
6.2 The Equivalence Principle
6.3 Clocks in a Gravitational Field
6.4 The Global Positioning System
6.5 Spacetime Is Curved
6.6 Newtonian Gravity in Spacetime Terms

7 The Description of Curved Spacetime
7.1 Coordinates
7.2 Metric
7.3 The Summation Convention
7.4 Local Inertial Frames
7.5 Light Cones and World Lines
7.6 Length， Area， Volume， and Four-Volume for Diagon Metrics
7.7 Embedding Diagrams and Wormholes
7.8 Vectors in Curved Spacetime
7.9 Three-Dimensional Surfaces in Four-Dimensional　Spacetime

8 Geodesics
8.1 The Geodesic Equation
8.2 Solving the Geodesic Equation——-Symmetries and　Conservation Laws
8.3 Null Geodesics
8.4 Local Inertial Frames and Freely Falling Frames

9 The Geometry Outside a Spherical Star
9.1 Schwarzschild Geometry
9.2 The Gravitational Redshift
9.3 Particle Orbits——Precession of the Perihelion
9.4 Light Ray Orbits——The Deflection and Time Delay of Light

10 Solar System Tests of General Relativity
10.1 Gravitational Redshift
10.2 PPN Parameters
10.3 Measurements of the PPN Parametery
10.4 Measurement of the PPN Parameter B-Precession of Mercurys Perihelion

11 Relativistic Gravity in Action
11.1 Gravitational Lensing
11.2 Accretion Disks Around Compact Objects
11.3 Binary Pulsars

12 Gravitational Collapse and Black Holes
12.1 The Schwarzschild Black Hole
12.2 Collapse to a Black Hole
12.3 Kruskal-Szekeres Coordinates
12.4 Nonspherical Gravitational Collapse

13 Astrophysical Black Holes
13.1 Black Holes in X-Ray Binaries
13.2 Black Holes in Galaxy Centers
13.3 Quantum Evaporation of Black Holes——Hawking Radiation

14 A Little Rotation
14.1 Rotational Dragging of Inertial Frames
14.2 Gyroscopes in Curved Spacetime
14.3 Geodetic Precession
14.4 Spacetime Outside a Slowly Rotating Spherical Body
14.5 Gyroscopes in the Spacetime of a Slowly Rotating Body
14.6 Gyros and Freely Falling Frames

15 Rotating Black Holes
15.1 Cosmic Censorship
15.2 The Kerr Geometry
15.3 The Horizon of a Rotating Black Hole
15.4 Orbits in the Equatorial Plane
15.5 The Ergosphere

16 Gravitational Waves
16.1 A Linearized Gravitational Wave
16.2 Detecting Gravitational Waves
16.3 Gravitational Wave Polarization
16.4 Gravitational Wave Interferometers
16.5 The Energy in Gravitational Waves

17 The Universe Observed
17.1 The Composition of the Universe
17.2 The Expanding Universe
17.3 Mapping the Universe

18 Cosmological Models
18.1 Homogeneous， Isotropic Spacetimes
18.2 The Cosmological Redshift
18.3 Matter， Radiation， and Vacuum
18.4 Evolution of the Flat FRW Models
18.5 The Big Bang and Age and Size of the Universe
18.6 Spatially Curved Robertson-Walker Metrics
18.7 Dynamics of the Universe

19 Which Universe and Why？
19.1 Surveying the Universe
19.2 Explaining the Universe

PART III THE EINSTEIN EQUATION
20 A Little More Math
20.1 Vectors
20.2 Dual Vectors
20.3 Tensors
20.4 The Covariant Derivative
20.5 Freely Falling Frames Again

21 Curvature and the Einstein Equation
21.1 Tidal Gravitational Forces
21.2 Equation of Geodesic Deviation
21.3 Riemann Curvature
21.4 The Einstein Equation in Vacuum
21.5 Linearized Gravity

22 The Source of Curvature
22.1 Densities
22.2 Conservation
22.2 Conservation of Energy-Momentum
22.3 The Einstein Equation
22.4 The Newtonian Limit

23 Gravitational Wave Emission
23.1 The Linearized Einstein Equation with Sources
23.2 Solving the Wave Equation with a Source
23.3 The General Solution of Linearized Gravity
23.4 Production of Weak Gravitational Waves
23.5 Gravitational Radiation from Binary Stars
23.6 The Quadrupole Formula for the Energy Loss in Gravitational Waves
23.7 Effects of Gravitational Radiation Detected in a Binary Pulsar
23.8 Strong Source Expectations

24 Relativistic Stars
24.1 The Power of the Pauli Principle
24.2 Relativistic Hydrostatic Equilibrium
24.3 Stellar Models
24.4 Matter in Its Ground State
24.5 Stability
24.6 Bounds on the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars

APPENDIXES
A Units
A.1 Units in General
A.2 Units Employed in this Book
B Curvature Quantities
C Curvature and the Einstein Equation
D Pedagogical Strategy
D.1 Pedagogical Principles
D.2 Organization
D.3 Constructing Courses
Bibliography
Index

前言/序言

　　~Einsteins relativistic theory of gravitation——general relativity——will shortly be acentury old. At its core is one of the most beautiful and revolutionary conceptionsof modem science——the idea that gravity is the geometry of four-dimensionalcurved spacetime. Together with quantum theory， general relativity is one of thetwo most profound developments of twentieth-century physics.　 General relativity has been accurately tested in the solar system. It underliesour understanding of the universe on the largest distance scales， and is centralto the explanation of such frontier astrophysical phenomena as gravitational col-lapse， black holes， X-ray sources， neutron stars， active galactic nuclei， gravita-tional waves， and the big bang. General relativity is the intellectual origin of manyideas in contemporary elementary particle physics and is a necessary prerequisiteto understanding theories of the unification of all forces such as string theory.　 An introduction to this subject， so basic， so well established， so central to sev-eral branches of physics， and so interesting to the lay public is naturally a partof the education of every undergraduate physics major. Yet teaching general rel-ativity at an undergraduate level confronts a basic problem. The logical order ofteaching this subject （as for most others） is to assemble the necessary mathemati-cal tools， motivate the basic defining equations， solve the equations， and apply thesolutions to physically interesting circumstances. Developing the tools of differ-ential geometry， introducing the Einstein equation， and solving it is an elegant andsatisfying story. But it can also be a long one， too long in fact to cover both thatand introduce the many con~~temporary applications in the time that is typicallyavailable for an introductory undergraduate course.　 Gravity introduces general relativity in a different order. The principles onwhich it is based are discussed at greater length in Appendix D， but essentiallythe strategy is the following： The simplest physically relevant solutions of theEinstein equation are presented first， without derivation， as spacetimes whose ob-servational consequences are to be explored by the study of the motion of testparticles and light rays in them. This 引力 [AN INTRODUCTION TO EINSTEINS GENERAL RELATIVITY] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

评分☆☆☆☆☆

引力（英语：Gravitation、Gravity），又称重力相互作用（Gravitational Interactions），是指具有质量的物体之间加速靠近的趋势，也是自然界的四大基本相互作用力之一，另外三种相互作用分别是电磁相互作用力、弱相互作用力及强相互作用力，万有引力是上述相互作用中作用力最微弱的，但是在超距上仍然具有吸引力的作用。在经典力学中，万有引力被认为来源于质量的力的作用。在广义相对论上，万有引力来源于存在质量对时空的扭曲，而不是一种力的作用。 在量子引力中，引力微子被假定为重力的传送媒介。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

真是书山有路勤为径啊!引力写的特别好对我帮助也很大！一本好书就象一盏明灯照亮我们前进的道路，给我们诸多启示。自动自发就是这样一部励志佳作，它涵盖了勤奋、忠诚、敬业、自信等内容，是指导我们正确对待工作和学习的一位良师益友。当读完自动自发后感觉受益非浅，对工作有了更多的认发货速度很快，蛮好书很好是正版的，包装一般，书角有点压坏，还好不影响什么，质量很好，发货速度很快，两天就收到了，书的内容确实很实用，这些天忘记回老家拿书了，家里人帮忙收到这本书，很早就收到了。对于有钱人来说，他们不在乎东西值多少钱，和女朋友在一起他们注重的是心上人的开心，和领在一起，他们在乎的是给领买些高贵的东西，指望着自己有机会高升，和小三在一起，我就不多说了，对于我们农村的孩子来说，我们希望物美价廉，不是我们想买盗版货，不是我们爱到批发部去买，也不是我们爱和小贩斤斤计较，是我们微薄的收入难以支付。总的来说购物本身是一个开心的过程，从中我们利用自己的劳动购买自己需要的东西。京东商城的东西太便宜了，所以我来买了。好了，我现在来说说这本书的观感吧，网络文学融入主流文学之难，在于文学批评家的缺席，在于衡量标准的混乱，很长一段时间，文学批评家对网络文学集体失语，直到最近一两年来，诸多活跃于文学批评领域的评论家，才开始着手建立网络文学的评价体系，很难得的是，他们迅速掌握了网络文学的魅力内核，并对网络文学给予了高度评价、寄予了很深的厚望。随着网络文学理论体系的建立，以及网络文学在创作水准上的不断提高，网络文学成为主流文学中的主流已是清晰可见的事情，下一届的五个一工程奖，我们期待看到更多网络文学作品的入选。据说，2011年8月24日，京东与支付宝合作到期。官方公告显示，京东商城已经全面停用支付宝，除了无法使用支付服务外，使用支付宝账号登录的功能也一并被停用。京东商城创始人刘先生5月份曾表示京东弃用支付宝原因是支付宝的费率太贵，为快钱等公司的4倍。在弃支付宝而去之后，京东商城转投银联怀抱。这点我很喜欢，因为支付宝我从来就不用，用起来也很麻烦的。好了，现在给大家介绍三本好书古拉格一部历史在这部受到普遍称赞的权威性著作中，安妮·阿普尔鲍姆第一次对古拉格——一个大批关押了成百上千万政治犯和刑事犯的集中营——进行了完全纪实性的描述，从它在俄国革命中的起源，到斯大林治下的扩张，再到公开性时代的瓦解。阿普尔鲍姆深刻地再现了劳改营生活的本质并且将其与苏联的宏观历史联系起来。古拉格一部历史之后立即被认为是一部人们期待已久的里程碑式的学术著作，对于任何一个希望了解二十世纪历史的人来说，它都是一本必读书。厌倦了工作中的枯燥忙碌吃腻了

评分☆☆☆☆☆

在地球上重力的吸引作用赋予物体重量并使它们向地面下落。此外，万有引力是太阳和地球等天体之所以存在的原因；没有万有引力天体将无法相互吸引形成天体系统，而我们所知的生命形式也将不会出现。万有引力同时也使地球和其他天体按照它们自身的轨道围绕太阳运转，月球按照自身的轨道围绕地球运转，形成潮汐，以及其他我们所观察到的各种各样的自然现象。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

用着不错，质量挺好。值得购买。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

评分☆☆☆☆☆

挺好！挺好！挺好！挺好！挺好！

评分☆☆☆☆☆

活动买的，价格比较合适

评分☆☆☆☆☆

很不错的一本书，送货速度也很快。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

不错，正品，送货很及时，好评！

类似图书 点击查看全场最低价