内容简介
《新概念英语(4)(练习册)(新版)》是《新概念英语》第4册《流利英语》的配套书面练习,每课一组练习。每课练习包含两页内容。理解练习,这些练习测试您理解课文与真实情景的能力以及对所读内容进行推断的能力。语言练习,这些练习测试您句法、语法以及词汇方面的能力。
内页插图
目录
Lesson 1 Finding fossilman
Lesson 2 Spare that spider
Lesson 3 Matterhorn man
Lesson 4 Seeinghands
Lesson 5 Youth
Lesson 6 The sporting spirit
Lesson 7 Bats
Lesson 8 Trading standards
Lesson 9 Royalespionage
Lesson 10 Silicon Valley
Lesson 11 How to grow old
Lesson 12 Banks and their customers
Lesson 13 The search for oil
Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect
Lesson 15 Secrecyinindustry
Lesson 16 The modern city
Lesson 17 A man-made disease
Lesson 18 Porpoises
Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams
Lesson 20 Snake poison
Lesson 21 William S. Hart and the early Western film
Lesson 22 Knowledge andprogress
Lesson 23 Bird flight
Lesson 24 Beauty
Lesson 25 Non-auditory effects of noise
Lesson 26 The past life of the earth
Lesson 27 The Vasa
Lesson 28 Patients and doctors
Lesson 29 The hovercraft
Lesson 30 Exploring the sea-floor
Lesson 31 The sculptor speaks
Lesson 32 Galileo reborn
Lesson 33 Education
Lesson 34 Adolescence
Lesson 35 Space odyssey
Lesson 36 The cost ofgovernment
Lesson 37 Theprocess ofageing
Lesson 38 Water and the traveller
Lesson 39 What every writer wants
Lesson 40 Waves
Lesson 41 Training elephants
Lesson 42 Recording an earthquake
Lesson 43 Are there strangers in space?
Lesson 44 Patterns ofculture
Lesson 45 Ofmen and galaxies
Lesson 46 Hobbies
Lesson 47 The great escape
Lesson 48 Planning a share portfolio
Workbook key
精彩书摘
5.______________speaking, we all agreewith you.
(a) Widely
(b) Roundly
(c) Thickly
(d) Broadly
6 She was___________hurt by what her friend said about her.
(a) deeply
(b) deep
(c) deeper
(d) deepest
7 The police said that everything the manhad done was_______________ suspicious.
(a) highly
(b) high
(c) deeply
(d) deep
8 When we found the main road closed, wehad to find an ____________ route.
(a) alternative
(b) altering
(c) alternating
(d) altered
C Composition
Using the notes below, write a short account (300-400 words) of the life of Winston Churchill.Begin with the words: Sir Winston Churchill, one of England's greatest statesmen
b. 1874 Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, England ~ son of Lord Randolph Churchill descendant of lst Duke of Marlborough Educated Harrow (School) and Sandhurst (Royal Military Academy)1897-1898, served in army abroad; then London newspaper correspondent in Boer War,captured, escaped. 1900entered parliament, first as Conservative, then as Liberal.1906-1910 various government positions First World War ~ 1917 appointed Minister of Munitions; /9/9-/92/ Secretary of State for War and Air Mid-1930s ~ warned country about rise of power of Nazi Germany ~ warnings not heeded. 1940 Neville Chamberlain resigned as Prime Minister ~ Churchill became P.M. of coalition for 5 years warEarly on, gained loyalty of British people and confidence of Allies; very popular, and highly competent speaker ~ able to convince people they would w/n the war 1945 ~ lost General Election, but P.M. again in 1951 1955 ~ handed premiership to Anthony Edend.1965 on death, treated almost like royalty; lay in state in Westminster Abbey, andstate funeral procession through LondonAlso known for his painting and writing. Titles include My Early Life (1930), History ofthe Second World War (6 vols, 1948-1954), A History of the English Speaking Peoples(1956-1958); and famous for his large cigars!1953 awarded Nobel Prize for LiteraturePerhaps most famous quotation?: I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. '(from speech in House of Commons on becoming Prime Minister, 13 May 1940)
A Comprehension
This is a short magazine feature in which three people talk about their most recent holiday and what they thought of /t. Read /t. For items 1-10 opposite, choose from the holidays A-C. The holidays may be chosen more than once. There are two answers to the last two questions.THREE VERY DIFFERENT HOLIDAYS Three people describe the holiday they have just had with their partner or familyHoliday A
It's not snobbery. It's just that we don't like package holidays or package tours, and quite honestly we have enough money to buy the best. This year again we went to an exclusivehotel in the Caribbean with everything you could possibly want and the beach two minutes'walk from our veranda.
It was absolute heaven - a holiday paradise, in fact. There were people there to cater for your every need at any time of the night or day. The doorman always had a smile on his face and was full of advice about the island, and the chambermaids were excellent. There was a certain refinement about the hotel, which was highly cosmopolitan, although many of the guests were American or British, and everyone spoke English.
Holiday B
Although we normally go on cycling holidays in England, we've just come back from our first camping holiday, and it was great! We drove all the way to the south of France where we had booked into one of the many excellent sites. Granted, it was organized camping, and some people have a low opinion of that, but it was very enjoyable. We got plenty of fresh air, often washing and showering in the open air, and we did a lot of walking. It was a very healthy holiday. We didn't need to take any camping equipment with us, although we obviously took outdoor clothes - anoraks, boots and so on. Everything had been thought of - inside the tent and outside.
There was no room here for insularity, with a Dutch family one side, a French fanuly the other, an Indian family opposite and, in the tent behind, a family from Sweden. It was like the United Nations !
……
好的,以下是一本不包含《朗文·外研社·新概念英语4(练习册)[New Concept English(New Edition)]》内容的图书简介,力求详实,并模拟专业出版物的风格: --- 《现代汉语音韵学导论:理论与应用》 作者: 王承德 教授 出版社: 华夏学术出版社 出版日期: 2024年10月 ISBN: 978-7-5087-2891-6 内容提要: 本书是面向语音学、语言学专业本科高年级及研究生的一部系统性、前沿性的教材与参考书。它立足于现代汉语的实际语言材料,全面梳理了自上世纪中叶以来汉语音韵学研究的理论基石、核心议题、主流方法论及其最新的发展趋势。 《现代汉语音韵学导论》旨在帮助学习者构建一个清晰、严谨的汉语音韵学知识框架。全书结构严谨,内容涵盖了语音学基础、音位系统、音变规律、历史比较、方言差异以及当代技术在音韵学研究中的应用等多个维度。 本书的特色在于: 1. 理论的整合性: 不偏废任何一种主流理论流派,系统介绍了结构主义、生成理论、最优性理论(OT)在汉语语音分析中的应用与局限。 2. 数据的代表性: 选取了普通话、北方方言区代表方言(如北京话、东北官话)的典型语音现象作为主要分析案例,同时兼顾了重要汉语方言(如官话内部、吴语、粤语、闽语)的对比分析,突出了汉语语音系统的复杂性和多样性。 3. 方法的实用性: 详细阐述了音系分析的步骤、音位划分的原则、韵律结构(如音节、足式、韵律词)的界定方法,为学生进行独立研究打下坚实的操作基础。 --- 详细章节介绍: 本书共分为十二个章节,旨在引导读者从基础概念逐步深入到复杂的前沿问题。 第一部分:基础构建与理论溯源(第1章—第3章) 第1章:绪论:什么是汉语音韵学? 本章界定了音韵学(Phonology)与语音学(Phonetics)的核心区别,阐述了汉语音韵学作为一门学科的历史地位和研究范畴。重点探讨了“音位”、“变体”、“对立”等基本概念在汉语系统中的特殊表现形式。并简要回顾了传统“四声”、“韵部”概念在现代音韵分析中的继承与改造。 第2章:汉语语音的物理基础与感知系统 为理解音韵现象,本章首先回顾了声学语音学和听觉生理学的基础知识。重点分析了汉语元音的特征空间分布,辅音的调音特征分类(特别是送气/不送气、清浊对立的系统性探讨),以及声调作为音位特征在音节结构中的核心地位。本章配有大量国际音标(IPA)标注和共振峰图表分析。 第3章:音位分析的原则与方法论 深入讲解了如何识别和确立一个语言的音位系统。详细介绍了最小对立体、互补分布、自由变异等分析工具。针对汉语的特殊性,讨论了声调的音位化(是独立的音位还是超音段特征)的争论,并介绍了如何利用这些原则来划分北京话的辅音音位集。 第二部分:音系结构与核心规则(第4章—第7章) 第4章:音节结构与音段的层级分析 本章侧重于音节的内部结构,包括音节的核(Nucleus)、韵头(Onset)和韵尾(Coda)。重点探讨了汉语的韵律语法的层次结构,如“韵段-音节-音步(Foot)-短语”的划分。分析了不同方言中对音节结构限制的差异(例如,部分方言对韵尾塞音的严格限制)。 第5章:声调系统:特征、对立与声调的音位学处理 声调是汉语音韵学的核心。本章系统阐述了声调的物理属性(基频F0)和音位属性。详细分析了“四声”的起源和演变,并对比了“五度标记法”、“音高轮廓法”等不同声调描述体系的优劣。特别讨论了声调的交叠现象(Tone Sandhi),这是音韵规则形成的关键领域。 第6章:音变规则:顺向、逆向与交替的生成分析 音变是研究动态变化的关键。本章将音变规则置于生成语音学的框架下进行分析。重点剖析了同化、异化、脱落、插入等常见的音变类型,并以“变调规则”和“轻声”的形成机制为例,展示了规则的顺序和环境依赖性。 第7章:韵律特征与超音段现象 超越单纯的音段层面,本章聚焦于重音、语调(非声调意义上的高低起伏)和节奏。探讨了汉语是否存在独立的重音音位,以及语调如何服务于篇章的信息结构(如焦点、背景)的标记功能。 第三部分:方言比较与历史视角(第8章—第10章) 第8章:汉语方言的音韵差异与系统性对比 本章是本书的对比核心。通过选择官话、吴语、粤语、闽语和客家话中的代表性样本,系统对比了它们的声母系统、韵母系统(特别是元音的复杂程度)和声调系统。重点分析了中古音的复杂系统如何在不同方言中经历了不同路径的分化与简化。 第9章:中古音系重构与现代汉语的继承 从历史音韵学的角度出发,回顾了《切韵》和《广韵》所反映的中古音系统。重点演示了如何利用现代方言材料(特别是闽语和粤语)以及历史文献记录,对中古的复杂韵部进行合理的重构,并追踪这些音系如何演化到现代普通话的简化系统。 第10章:音韵系统在词汇层面的体现:词重音与词缀 探讨音韵规则如何作用于词汇层面,而非仅仅句子层面。分析了汉语中是否存在严格的词重音,以及构词过程(如合成词、派生词)中音韵特征的传递和固化现象。 第四部分:前沿探索与应用(第11章—第12章) 第11章:最优性理论(OT)在汉语音韵分析中的应用 本章将研究视角提升到最新的理论前沿。详细介绍了最优性理论的基本框架——即约束(Constraints)的等级体系。将此理论应用于解释汉语中看似矛盾的音变现象,例如,如何在同一系统中同时允许开放音节和有限的闭合音节,并用OT模型来解决声调的交叠冲突。 第12章:计算语言学与音韵学研究的新工具 本章面向未来。介绍了现代计算机技术在处理大规模语音数据中的应用。讨论了如何利用语料库工具(如语料库管理系统、声学分析软件)来辅助音韵分析,以及机器学习方法在预测音变趋势和方言分类中的潜力与挑战。 --- 本书适合读者: 语言学专业本科高年级学生: 作为音韵学核心课程的指定教材。 研究生: 用于深入理解理论前沿,并为毕业论文研究提供坚实的理论和方法论基础。 对外汉语教学研究者: 深入理解汉语语音系统,优化教学材料的设计。 语音学研究同仁: 作为权威的参考资料,查阅系统性的汉语音韵学知识。 定价: 88.00 元 版式设计: 国际标准大度16开,全书采用双色印刷,确保公式、图表和IPA标记的清晰度。附带电子版习题集与数据光盘(包含部分高频音变案例的声学分析数据)。