具體描述
基本信息
書名：看不見的唐卡(漢英)
定價：368.00元
作者：羅文華
齣版社：五洲傳播齣版社
齣版日期：2016-01-01
ISBN：9787508532967
字數：
頁碼：
版次：1
裝幀：平裝
開本：12開
商品重量：0.4kg
編輯推薦
《看不見的唐卡》一書從專業角度分析瞭多幅唐卡作品，對讀者瞭解唐卡、認識唐卡有很大的啓發作用，進而對西藏的宗教也能有進一步的瞭解。本書是唐卡專業人士及唐卡愛好者的必讀之書，也是人們瞭解西藏宗教的一個窗口。中英文對照版本，能滿足外讀者的需求，是一部值得一讀且有收藏價值的介紹唐卡的大型畫冊類圖書。
內容提要
《看不見的唐卡》一書對多幅西藏唐卡藝術作品進行瞭詳細的分析，對西藏唐卡藝術的畫派、唐卡中齣現的尊神以及他們所代錶的宗教涵義闡釋的淋灕盡緻，對每一幅唐卡作品作瞭細緻的解釋和分析，對讀者瞭解唐卡、瞭解唐卡藝術有巨大的幫助。同時，該書為中英文對照版本，方便外國讀者瞭解西藏的唐卡藝術，從而加深外國友人對中國西藏的瞭解、對西藏唐卡藝術的理解。
目錄
作者介紹
羅文華，1989年北京大學考古係本科畢業後一直在北京故宮博物院從事研究工作。2007年聘為首都師範大學美術學院漢藏藝術研究所副所長，2009年聘為故宮博物院藏傳佛教文物研究中心特邀研究員。
文摘
序言
《看不見的唐卡》（漢英雙語版） 引言 唐卡，作為藏傳佛教獨特的藝術形式，以其精湛的技藝、豐富的象徵意義和深厚的宗教內涵，吸引著無數求索者。然而，在這絢麗多彩的畫麵之下，隱藏著一個更深邃、更不為人知的維度——那些在畫布上無法直接呈現，卻在創作過程、精神寓意、乃至信眾心中流淌的“看不見的唐卡”。本書，旨在以一種全新的視角，穿透視覺的錶象，探尋唐卡藝術中那些無形而至關重要的元素，帶領讀者進行一次超越感官的藝術朝聖。 第一章：無形之筆——繪製者的心跡與傳承 每一幅唐卡的誕生，都始於繪製者內心的虔誠與專注。在梵淨的微光下，在寂靜的禪定中，畫師們並非簡單地將顔料塗抹於布麵，而是將自己的修行、感悟、乃至生命都融入其中。 虔誠的啓動： 創作一幅唐卡，往往伴隨著復雜的儀軌。畫師在動筆之前，會進行淨身、沐浴、持咒，以清淨身心，錶達對諸佛菩薩的敬意。這種精神上的準備，是唐卡之所以擁有神聖力量的源泉。畫布上的每一筆，都承載著畫師對佛陀慈悲的祈願，對眾生苦難的憫念。這種無形的心跡，是唐卡超越普通繪畫的根本。 心眼觀照： 繪製唐卡並非僅僅依靠肉眼觀察，更重要的是“心眼”的觀照。畫師需要對佛陀的形象、壇城的結構、經文的含義有深刻的理解。他們腦海中構建的，是超越具體形質的內在模型。例如，繪製度母時，畫師需要觀想度母的“七寶”，觀想度母的“三十五眼”，這些都是畫麵上無法直接描繪的，卻賦予瞭度母形象以鮮活的生命力與無窮的能量。 技藝的“口傳心授”： 唐卡的繪畫技法，大多是通過世代相傳的“口傳心授”方式傳承下來。那些精妙的綫條勾勒、色彩的暈染、金綫的描繪，往往沒有詳細的文字記載，而是通過師徒間的耳濡目染、親身示範來傳遞。這種傳承方式，本身就是一種無形的藝術，它承載著無數代畫師的經驗、智慧和對完美的追求。一個細微的手勢，一句關鍵的提示，都可能蘊含著對畫麵神韻的決定性影響。 精益求精的匠心： 即使是同一幅唐卡的同一尊佛像，不同的畫師繪製齣來，也會呈現齣微妙的差異。這種差異，正是畫師個人修行境界、審美情趣和對佛教教義理解深度的體現。他們追求的，不僅僅是形似，更是神似，是佛陀的莊嚴、慈悲、智慧的內在精神。這種對極緻的追求，是唐卡藝術生命力的重要保證。 第二章：神聖的密碼——符號、色彩與三摩地 唐卡錶麵的每一個圖案、每一抹色彩，都不是隨意為之，而是蘊含著豐富的象徵意義和深奧的佛理。理解這些“看不見的密碼”，纔能真正領悟唐卡的精神內核。 符號的宇宙： 唐卡中的符號，是高度凝練的佛教哲學和宇宙觀的體現。例如，蓮花象徵著純潔與解脫，法輪象徵著佛法的傳播，佛陀頭頂的光環象徵著智慧的光明。這些符號並非孤立存在，而是構成瞭一個精密的宇宙圖譜。佛陀的坐姿、手印（契印），更是承載著特定的含義，如禪定印、說法印、施無畏印等，它們代錶著佛陀的不同德行和功用，引導觀者進入特定的精神狀態。 色彩的語言： 唐卡使用的色彩，並非世俗的審美選擇，而是具有特定的象徵意義。藍色代錶虛空與智慧，紅色代錶慈悲與活力，黃色代錶光明與圓滿，綠色代錶事業與成就，白色代錶清淨與解脫。這些色彩的組閤，並非簡單的物理混閤，而是通過色彩的相互作用，營造齣一種莊嚴、祥和、引人入勝的氛圍，引導觀者的心靈嚮更崇高的境界升華。例如，壇城中不同區域的色彩分布，就代錶著不同的宮殿、方位，以及與之相應的諸佛菩薩。 三摩地的觀想： 繪製唐卡的過程，也是一個觀想的過程。畫師需要通過觀想，讓自己與所繪製的佛菩薩融為一體。例如，繪製藥師佛時，畫師需要觀想藥師佛的十二大願，觀想藥師佛的“七佛藥師”，觀想藥師佛淨土的莊嚴。這種觀想，本身就是一種“三摩地”（Samadhi），即禪定、專注、入定的狀態。唐卡，是這種三摩地狀態的外化，也是引導觀者進入三摩地的媒介。觀者在凝視唐卡時，也能通過與畫麵的共鳴，進入一種冥想的狀態，與佛菩薩的精神産生連接。 經文的隱喻： 在唐卡畫麵中，有時會隱匿著微小的藏文經文，或者通過圖案暗示經文的含義。這些經文，是唐卡解讀的重要綫索。它們解釋瞭畫麵中人物的身份、故事的來龍去脈、以及所闡釋的佛理。然而，這些經文的意義，並非止於字麵，更在於其所蘊含的深刻教誨。對於不識藏文的觀者來說，唐卡本身就形成瞭一種“無字經”，通過其視覺語言，傳遞著超越語言的教義。 第三章：精神的容器——祈願、加持與靈性體驗 唐卡不僅僅是一件藝術品，更是一個承載著信仰、祈願和加持的精神容器。它的價值，遠遠超越瞭其物質形態。 祈願的力量： 許多唐卡是信徒為祈求健康、平安、子嗣、智慧而繪製或請人繪製的。畫師在繪製過程中，會將信徒的祈願融入筆觸之中。完成後的唐卡，更會被帶到寺廟，經過高僧大德的加持，匯聚僧侶的誦經聲和信徒的祈願，成為一個充滿能量的靈性載體。這種無形的祈願與加持，賦予瞭唐卡超越凡俗的力量。 加持的傳遞： 虔誠的信徒在麵對唐卡時，會通過頂禮、繞行、焚香、供奉等方式，將自己的虔誠與唐卡中的神聖力量連接起來。唐卡，作為佛菩薩的“相”，成為瞭連接凡俗與神聖的橋梁。觀想唐卡中的佛菩薩，就像是在與佛菩薩直接對話，感受他們的慈悲與智慧。這種加持，並非物理上的改變，而是一種心靈的慰藉、力量的注入、以及精神的提升。 靈性體驗的引渡： 真正領悟唐卡的人，會在凝視中獲得一種超越世俗的靈性體驗。他們可能感受到內心的平靜、喜悅、或者一種與宇宙相連接的宏大感。唐卡的視覺元素，如精美的細節、豐富的色彩、神秘的符號，都可能觸發觀者內心深處的共鳴，引發對生命、對信仰、對宇宙的深刻思考。這種體驗，是唐卡藝術最深邃、最寶貴的價值所在，是“看不見的唐卡”最真實的體現。 曆史的迴響： 每一幅古老的唐卡，都承載著歲月的痕跡，記錄著曆史的變遷。它們不僅僅是藝術品，更是曆史的見證者，是過去時代精神的載體。在觀賞古老的唐卡時，我們仿佛能聽到遙遠的迴響，感受到那些早已離我們遠去的人們的信仰與生活。這種曆史的厚重感，是物質本身無法賦予的，是精神穿越時空的力量。 結語 《看不見的唐卡》（漢英雙語版）邀請您一同踏上這場心靈的旅程。我們期望通過對唐卡背後無形力量的探索，讓您在欣賞其精美絕倫的視覺呈現之餘，更能體會到其蘊含的深厚精神底蘊。從畫師的心跡流轉，到符號色彩的密語，再到祈願加持的能量匯聚，每一個層麵都隱藏著“看不見的唐卡”。願本書成為您解讀唐卡藝術、體悟佛教智慧的指南，開啓您對這個古老而充滿生命力的藝術形式更深層次的理解與共鳴。 --- "Invisible Thangkas" (Bilingual Edition) Introduction Thangka, as a unique art form of Tibetan Buddhism, has attracted countless seekers with its exquisite craftsmanship, rich symbolic meaning, and profound religious connotations. However, beneath these brilliant and colorful images lies a deeper, less known dimension – the "invisible thangkas" that cannot be directly presented on canvas but flow through the creation process, spiritual significance, and within the hearts of devotees. This book aims to penetrate the visual surface with a new perspective, to explore those intangible yet crucial elements in thangka art, and to lead readers on an artistic pilgrimage that transcends sensory perception. Chapter 1: The Invisible Brush – The Artist's Heart and Legacy The creation of every thangka begins with the devotion and concentration of the artist's inner being. In the dim light of the altar, in the stillness of meditation, artists do not simply apply pigments to cloth; they integrate their practice, insights, and even their lives into the artwork. The Sacred Beginning: The creation of a thangka is often accompanied by intricate rituals. Before beginning to paint, artists purify themselves, bathe, and recite mantras to cleanse their body and mind, expressing reverence for Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. This spiritual preparation is the source of the sacred power that thangkas possess. Every stroke on the canvas carries the artist's prayers for the Buddha's compassion and their empathy for the suffering of all sentient beings. This invisible imprint of the heart is what fundamentally distinguishes thangka from ordinary painting. Insight Through the "Mind's Eye": Painting a thangka relies not only on physical sight but, more importantly, on the perception of the "mind's eye." Artists must possess a deep understanding of the iconography of Buddhas, the structure of mandalas, and the meanings of scriptures. What they construct in their minds are internal models that transcend concrete forms. For instance, when depicting Tara, the artist must visualize Tara's "seven treasures" and her "thirty-five eyes." These elements are not directly depicted on the painting but imbue the image of Tara with vibrant life and infinite energy. The "Oral Transmission" of Skill: The painting techniques of thangka are largely passed down through generations via "oral transmission." The exquisite linework, nuanced color blending, and delicate application of gold are often not documented in detailed texts but are conveyed through the subtle learning and direct instruction between master and disciple. This method of transmission is itself an invisible art form, embodying the experience, wisdom, and pursuit of perfection of countless generations of artists. A subtle gesture, a key piece of advice, can hold decisive influence over the spiritual essence of the artwork. The Pursuit of Excellence: Even when depicting the same deity on the same thangka, different artists will produce subtly different results. These variations are precisely the manifestation of the artist's spiritual attainment, aesthetic sensibilities, and depth of understanding of Buddhist doctrines. Their pursuit is not merely for resemblance in form but for the likeness in spirit, for the inner essence of the Buddha's dignity, compassion, and wisdom. This striving for perfection is a vital guarantee of the vitality of thangka art. Chapter 2: Sacred Codes – Symbols, Colors, and Samadhi Every pattern, every hue on the surface of a thangka is not arbitrary but carries rich symbolic meaning and profound Buddhist philosophy. Understanding these "invisible codes" is essential to truly grasp the spiritual core of thangka art. The Universe of Symbols: The symbols in thangka are highly condensed expressions of Buddhist philosophy and cosmology. For example, the lotus symbolizes purity and liberation, the dharma wheel represents the propagation of Buddhist teachings, and the halo above the Buddha's head signifies the light of wisdom. These symbols are not isolated but form a precise cosmic map. The posture of the Buddha and the mudras (hand gestures) also carry specific meanings, such as the meditation mudra, the teaching mudra, and the fear-dispelling mudra. These represent different virtues and functions of the Buddha, guiding the viewer into a specific mental state. The Language of Color: The colors used in thangka are not chosen for secular aesthetic reasons but possess specific symbolic meanings. Blue represents the void and wisdom, red represents compassion and vitality, yellow signifies brightness and completeness, green symbolizes action and achievement, and white denotes purity and liberation. The combination of these colors is not merely a physical mix but, through their interplay, creates an atmosphere of solemnity, tranquility, and enchantment, guiding the viewer's mind towards higher realms. For instance, the distribution of colors in different sections of a mandala represents different palaces, directions, and the corresponding Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Visualization of Samadhi: The process of painting a thangka is also a process of visualization. Artists must visualize themselves becoming one with the deity they are depicting. For example, when painting the Medicine Buddha, the artist needs to visualize the Twelve Great Vows of the Medicine Buddha, the "Seven Medicine Buddhas," and the splendor of the Medicine Buddha's Pure Land. This visualization is itself a form of "Samadhi" – concentration, focus, and meditative absorption. Thangkas are the externalization of this Samadhi state and also serve as a medium to guide viewers into Samadhi. When viewers gaze at a thangka, they can enter a meditative state through resonance with the artwork, forging a connection with the spiritual essence of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The Metaphor of Scripture: In thangka paintings, small Tibetan scriptures are sometimes subtly incorporated, or their meanings are hinted at through imagery. These scriptures are crucial clues for interpreting thangkas, explaining the identity of the figures, the narrative context, and the philosophical teachings being expounded. However, the meaning of these scriptures extends beyond the literal, aiming to convey profound teachings. For viewers who do not read Tibetan, the thangka itself forms a "scripture without words," transmitting teachings that transcend language through its visual language. Chapter 3: The Vessel of Spirit – Prayer, Blessings, and Spiritual Experience A thangka is more than just an artwork; it is a spiritual vessel that carries faith, prayers, and blessings. Its value far exceeds its material form. The Power of Prayer: Many thangkas are commissioned or created by devotees praying for health, peace, progeny, or wisdom. During the painting process, artists infuse the brushstrokes with the devotees' prayers. Once completed, the thangka is often taken to monasteries for blessings by high lamas. The chanting of monks and the prayers of devotees converge, transforming it into a potent spiritual repository. These intangible prayers and blessings bestow upon the thangka a power that transcends the ordinary. The Transmission of Blessings: Devout practitioners, when facing a thangka, connect their piety with the sacred power of the thangka through prostrations, circumambulations, incense burning, and offerings. The thangka, as a "representation" of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, becomes a bridge connecting the mundane and the sacred. Visualizing the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the thangka is akin to directly conversing with them, experiencing their compassion and wisdom. These blessings are not physical changes but rather spiritual solace, infusion of strength, and mental upliftment. The Gateway to Spiritual Experience: Those who truly comprehend thangka art may experience a spiritual transcendence beyond the worldly while gazing at it. They might feel inner peace, joy, or a profound sense of connection with the universe. The visual elements of thangka, such as exquisite details, rich colors, and mysterious symbols, can trigger deep resonances within the viewer, inspiring profound contemplation on life, faith, and the cosmos. This experience represents the most profound and valuable aspect of thangka art, the truest manifestation of "invisible thangkas." Echoes of History: Every ancient thangka carries the marks of time, recording historical changes. They are not merely artworks but witnesses to history, carriers of the spirit of past eras. When viewing ancient thangkas, we seem to hear distant echoes, sensing the faith and lives of people long gone. This historical depth is something the material object alone cannot impart; it is the power of the spirit transcending time and space. Conclusion "Invisible Thangkas" (Bilingual Edition) invites you on a spiritual journey. By exploring the invisible forces behind thangka art, we hope to enable you to appreciate its profound spiritual substance beyond its exquisite visual presentation. From the flow of the artist's heart, to the secret language of symbols and colors, to the convergence of prayer and blessings, each layer hides an "invisible thangka." May this book serve as your guide in deciphering thangka art and comprehending Buddhist wisdom, opening up a deeper understanding and resonance with this ancient and vibrant art form.
