具体描述
基本信息
书名：看不见的唐卡(汉英)
定价：368.00元
作者：罗文华
出版社：五洲传播出版社
出版日期：2016-01-01
ISBN：9787508532967
字数：
页码：
版次：1
装帧：平装
开本：12开
商品重量：0.4kg
编辑推荐
《看不见的唐卡》一书从专业角度分析了多幅唐卡作品，对读者了解唐卡、认识唐卡有很大的启发作用，进而对西藏的宗教也能有进一步的了解。本书是唐卡专业人士及唐卡爱好者的必读之书，也是人们了解西藏宗教的一个窗口。中英文对照版本，能满足外读者的需求，是一部值得一读且有收藏价值的介绍唐卡的大型画册类图书。
内容提要
《看不见的唐卡》一书对多幅西藏唐卡艺术作品进行了详细的分析，对西藏唐卡艺术的画派、唐卡中出现的尊神以及他们所代表的宗教涵义阐释的淋漓尽致，对每一幅唐卡作品作了细致的解释和分析，对读者了解唐卡、了解唐卡艺术有巨大的帮助。同时，该书为中英文对照版本，方便外国读者了解西藏的唐卡艺术，从而加深外国友人对中国西藏的了解、对西藏唐卡艺术的理解。
目录
作者介绍
罗文华，1989年北京大学考古系本科毕业后一直在北京故宫博物院从事研究工作。2007年聘为首都师范大学美术学院汉藏艺术研究所副所长，2009年聘为故宫博物院藏传佛教文物研究中心特邀研究员。
文摘
序言
《看不见的唐卡》（汉英双语版） 引言 唐卡，作为藏传佛教独特的艺术形式，以其精湛的技艺、丰富的象征意义和深厚的宗教内涵，吸引着无数求索者。然而，在这绚丽多彩的画面之下，隐藏着一个更深邃、更不为人知的维度——那些在画布上无法直接呈现，却在创作过程、精神寓意、乃至信众心中流淌的“看不见的唐卡”。本书，旨在以一种全新的视角，穿透视觉的表象，探寻唐卡艺术中那些无形而至关重要的元素，带领读者进行一次超越感官的艺术朝圣。 第一章：无形之笔——绘制者的心迹与传承 每一幅唐卡的诞生，都始于绘制者内心的虔诚与专注。在梵净的微光下，在寂静的禅定中，画师们并非简单地将颜料涂抹于布面，而是将自己的修行、感悟、乃至生命都融入其中。 虔诚的启动： 创作一幅唐卡，往往伴随着复杂的仪轨。画师在动笔之前，会进行净身、沐浴、持咒，以清净身心，表达对诸佛菩萨的敬意。这种精神上的准备，是唐卡之所以拥有神圣力量的源泉。画布上的每一笔，都承载着画师对佛陀慈悲的祈愿，对众生苦难的悯念。这种无形的心迹，是唐卡超越普通绘画的根本。 心眼观照： 绘制唐卡并非仅仅依靠肉眼观察，更重要的是“心眼”的观照。画师需要对佛陀的形象、坛城的结构、经文的含义有深刻的理解。他们脑海中构建的，是超越具体形质的内在模型。例如，绘制度母时，画师需要观想度母的“七宝”，观想度母的“三十五眼”，这些都是画面上无法直接描绘的，却赋予了度母形象以鲜活的生命力与无穷的能量。 技艺的“口传心授”： 唐卡的绘画技法，大多是通过世代相传的“口传心授”方式传承下来。那些精妙的线条勾勒、色彩的晕染、金线的描绘，往往没有详细的文字记载，而是通过师徒间的耳濡目染、亲身示范来传递。这种传承方式，本身就是一种无形的艺术，它承载着无数代画师的经验、智慧和对完美的追求。一个细微的手势，一句关键的提示，都可能蕴含着对画面神韵的决定性影响。 精益求精的匠心： 即使是同一幅唐卡的同一尊佛像，不同的画师绘制出来，也会呈现出微妙的差异。这种差异，正是画师个人修行境界、审美情趣和对佛教教义理解深度的体现。他们追求的，不仅仅是形似，更是神似，是佛陀的庄严、慈悲、智慧的内在精神。这种对极致的追求，是唐卡艺术生命力的重要保证。 第二章：神圣的密码——符号、色彩与三摩地 唐卡表面的每一个图案、每一抹色彩，都不是随意为之，而是蕴含着丰富的象征意义和深奥的佛理。理解这些“看不见的密码”，才能真正领悟唐卡的精神内核。 符号的宇宙： 唐卡中的符号，是高度凝练的佛教哲学和宇宙观的体现。例如，莲花象征着纯洁与解脱，法轮象征着佛法的传播，佛陀头顶的光环象征着智慧的光明。这些符号并非孤立存在，而是构成了一个精密的宇宙图谱。佛陀的坐姿、手印（契印），更是承载着特定的含义，如禅定印、说法印、施无畏印等，它们代表着佛陀的不同德行和功用，引导观者进入特定的精神状态。 色彩的语言： 唐卡使用的色彩，并非世俗的审美选择，而是具有特定的象征意义。蓝色代表虚空与智慧，红色代表慈悲与活力，黄色代表光明与圆满，绿色代表事业与成就，白色代表清净与解脱。这些色彩的组合，并非简单的物理混合，而是通过色彩的相互作用，营造出一种庄严、祥和、引人入胜的氛围，引导观者的心灵向更崇高的境界升华。例如，坛城中不同区域的色彩分布，就代表着不同的宫殿、方位，以及与之相应的诸佛菩萨。 三摩地的观想： 绘制唐卡的过程，也是一个观想的过程。画师需要通过观想，让自己与所绘制的佛菩萨融为一体。例如，绘制药师佛时，画师需要观想药师佛的十二大愿，观想药师佛的“七佛药师”，观想药师佛净土的庄严。这种观想，本身就是一种“三摩地”（Samadhi），即禅定、专注、入定的状态。唐卡，是这种三摩地状态的外化，也是引导观者进入三摩地的媒介。观者在凝视唐卡时，也能通过与画面的共鸣，进入一种冥想的状态，与佛菩萨的精神产生连接。 经文的隐喻： 在唐卡画面中，有时会隐匿着微小的藏文经文，或者通过图案暗示经文的含义。这些经文，是唐卡解读的重要线索。它们解释了画面中人物的身份、故事的来龙去脉、以及所阐释的佛理。然而，这些经文的意义，并非止于字面，更在于其所蕴含的深刻教诲。对于不识藏文的观者来说，唐卡本身就形成了一种“无字经”，通过其视觉语言，传递着超越语言的教义。 第三章：精神的容器——祈愿、加持与灵性体验 唐卡不仅仅是一件艺术品，更是一个承载着信仰、祈愿和加持的精神容器。它的价值，远远超越了其物质形态。 祈愿的力量： 许多唐卡是信徒为祈求健康、平安、子嗣、智慧而绘制或请人绘制的。画师在绘制过程中，会将信徒的祈愿融入笔触之中。完成后的唐卡，更会被带到寺庙，经过高僧大德的加持，汇聚僧侣的诵经声和信徒的祈愿，成为一个充满能量的灵性载体。这种无形的祈愿与加持，赋予了唐卡超越凡俗的力量。 加持的传递： 虔诚的信徒在面对唐卡时，会通过顶礼、绕行、焚香、供奉等方式，将自己的虔诚与唐卡中的神圣力量连接起来。唐卡，作为佛菩萨的“相”，成为了连接凡俗与神圣的桥梁。观想唐卡中的佛菩萨，就像是在与佛菩萨直接对话，感受他们的慈悲与智慧。这种加持，并非物理上的改变，而是一种心灵的慰藉、力量的注入、以及精神的提升。 灵性体验的引渡： 真正领悟唐卡的人，会在凝视中获得一种超越世俗的灵性体验。他们可能感受到内心的平静、喜悦、或者一种与宇宙相连接的宏大感。唐卡的视觉元素，如精美的细节、丰富的色彩、神秘的符号，都可能触发观者内心深处的共鸣，引发对生命、对信仰、对宇宙的深刻思考。这种体验，是唐卡艺术最深邃、最宝贵的价值所在，是“看不见的唐卡”最真实的体现。 历史的回响： 每一幅古老的唐卡，都承载着岁月的痕迹，记录着历史的变迁。它们不仅仅是艺术品，更是历史的见证者，是过去时代精神的载体。在观赏古老的唐卡时，我们仿佛能听到遥远的回响，感受到那些早已离我们远去的人们的信仰与生活。这种历史的厚重感，是物质本身无法赋予的，是精神穿越时空的力量。 结语 《看不见的唐卡》（汉英双语版）邀请您一同踏上这场心灵的旅程。我们期望通过对唐卡背后无形力量的探索，让您在欣赏其精美绝伦的视觉呈现之余，更能体会到其蕴含的深厚精神底蕴。从画师的心迹流转，到符号色彩的密语，再到祈愿加持的能量汇聚，每一个层面都隐藏着“看不见的唐卡”。愿本书成为您解读唐卡艺术、体悟佛教智慧的指南，开启您对这个古老而充满生命力的艺术形式更深层次的理解与共鸣。 --- "Invisible Thangkas" (Bilingual Edition) Introduction Thangka, as a unique art form of Tibetan Buddhism, has attracted countless seekers with its exquisite craftsmanship, rich symbolic meaning, and profound religious connotations. However, beneath these brilliant and colorful images lies a deeper, less known dimension – the "invisible thangkas" that cannot be directly presented on canvas but flow through the creation process, spiritual significance, and within the hearts of devotees. This book aims to penetrate the visual surface with a new perspective, to explore those intangible yet crucial elements in thangka art, and to lead readers on an artistic pilgrimage that transcends sensory perception. Chapter 1: The Invisible Brush – The Artist's Heart and Legacy The creation of every thangka begins with the devotion and concentration of the artist's inner being. In the dim light of the altar, in the stillness of meditation, artists do not simply apply pigments to cloth; they integrate their practice, insights, and even their lives into the artwork. The Sacred Beginning: The creation of a thangka is often accompanied by intricate rituals. Before beginning to paint, artists purify themselves, bathe, and recite mantras to cleanse their body and mind, expressing reverence for Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. This spiritual preparation is the source of the sacred power that thangkas possess. Every stroke on the canvas carries the artist's prayers for the Buddha's compassion and their empathy for the suffering of all sentient beings. This invisible imprint of the heart is what fundamentally distinguishes thangka from ordinary painting. Insight Through the "Mind's Eye": Painting a thangka relies not only on physical sight but, more importantly, on the perception of the "mind's eye." Artists must possess a deep understanding of the iconography of Buddhas, the structure of mandalas, and the meanings of scriptures. What they construct in their minds are internal models that transcend concrete forms. For instance, when depicting Tara, the artist must visualize Tara's "seven treasures" and her "thirty-five eyes." These elements are not directly depicted on the painting but imbue the image of Tara with vibrant life and infinite energy. The "Oral Transmission" of Skill: The painting techniques of thangka are largely passed down through generations via "oral transmission." The exquisite linework, nuanced color blending, and delicate application of gold are often not documented in detailed texts but are conveyed through the subtle learning and direct instruction between master and disciple. This method of transmission is itself an invisible art form, embodying the experience, wisdom, and pursuit of perfection of countless generations of artists. A subtle gesture, a key piece of advice, can hold decisive influence over the spiritual essence of the artwork. The Pursuit of Excellence: Even when depicting the same deity on the same thangka, different artists will produce subtly different results. These variations are precisely the manifestation of the artist's spiritual attainment, aesthetic sensibilities, and depth of understanding of Buddhist doctrines. Their pursuit is not merely for resemblance in form but for the likeness in spirit, for the inner essence of the Buddha's dignity, compassion, and wisdom. This striving for perfection is a vital guarantee of the vitality of thangka art. Chapter 2: Sacred Codes – Symbols, Colors, and Samadhi Every pattern, every hue on the surface of a thangka is not arbitrary but carries rich symbolic meaning and profound Buddhist philosophy. Understanding these "invisible codes" is essential to truly grasp the spiritual core of thangka art. The Universe of Symbols: The symbols in thangka are highly condensed expressions of Buddhist philosophy and cosmology. For example, the lotus symbolizes purity and liberation, the dharma wheel represents the propagation of Buddhist teachings, and the halo above the Buddha's head signifies the light of wisdom. These symbols are not isolated but form a precise cosmic map. The posture of the Buddha and the mudras (hand gestures) also carry specific meanings, such as the meditation mudra, the teaching mudra, and the fear-dispelling mudra. These represent different virtues and functions of the Buddha, guiding the viewer into a specific mental state. The Language of Color: The colors used in thangka are not chosen for secular aesthetic reasons but possess specific symbolic meanings. Blue represents the void and wisdom, red represents compassion and vitality, yellow signifies brightness and completeness, green symbolizes action and achievement, and white denotes purity and liberation. The combination of these colors is not merely a physical mix but, through their interplay, creates an atmosphere of solemnity, tranquility, and enchantment, guiding the viewer's mind towards higher realms. For instance, the distribution of colors in different sections of a mandala represents different palaces, directions, and the corresponding Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Visualization of Samadhi: The process of painting a thangka is also a process of visualization. Artists must visualize themselves becoming one with the deity they are depicting. For example, when painting the Medicine Buddha, the artist needs to visualize the Twelve Great Vows of the Medicine Buddha, the "Seven Medicine Buddhas," and the splendor of the Medicine Buddha's Pure Land. This visualization is itself a form of "Samadhi" – concentration, focus, and meditative absorption. Thangkas are the externalization of this Samadhi state and also serve as a medium to guide viewers into Samadhi. When viewers gaze at a thangka, they can enter a meditative state through resonance with the artwork, forging a connection with the spiritual essence of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The Metaphor of Scripture: In thangka paintings, small Tibetan scriptures are sometimes subtly incorporated, or their meanings are hinted at through imagery. These scriptures are crucial clues for interpreting thangkas, explaining the identity of the figures, the narrative context, and the philosophical teachings being expounded. However, the meaning of these scriptures extends beyond the literal, aiming to convey profound teachings. For viewers who do not read Tibetan, the thangka itself forms a "scripture without words," transmitting teachings that transcend language through its visual language. Chapter 3: The Vessel of Spirit – Prayer, Blessings, and Spiritual Experience A thangka is more than just an artwork; it is a spiritual vessel that carries faith, prayers, and blessings. Its value far exceeds its material form. The Power of Prayer: Many thangkas are commissioned or created by devotees praying for health, peace, progeny, or wisdom. During the painting process, artists infuse the brushstrokes with the devotees' prayers. Once completed, the thangka is often taken to monasteries for blessings by high lamas. The chanting of monks and the prayers of devotees converge, transforming it into a potent spiritual repository. These intangible prayers and blessings bestow upon the thangka a power that transcends the ordinary. The Transmission of Blessings: Devout practitioners, when facing a thangka, connect their piety with the sacred power of the thangka through prostrations, circumambulations, incense burning, and offerings. The thangka, as a "representation" of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, becomes a bridge connecting the mundane and the sacred. Visualizing the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the thangka is akin to directly conversing with them, experiencing their compassion and wisdom. These blessings are not physical changes but rather spiritual solace, infusion of strength, and mental upliftment. The Gateway to Spiritual Experience: Those who truly comprehend thangka art may experience a spiritual transcendence beyond the worldly while gazing at it. They might feel inner peace, joy, or a profound sense of connection with the universe. The visual elements of thangka, such as exquisite details, rich colors, and mysterious symbols, can trigger deep resonances within the viewer, inspiring profound contemplation on life, faith, and the cosmos. This experience represents the most profound and valuable aspect of thangka art, the truest manifestation of "invisible thangkas." Echoes of History: Every ancient thangka carries the marks of time, recording historical changes. They are not merely artworks but witnesses to history, carriers of the spirit of past eras. When viewing ancient thangkas, we seem to hear distant echoes, sensing the faith and lives of people long gone. This historical depth is something the material object alone cannot impart; it is the power of the spirit transcending time and space. Conclusion "Invisible Thangkas" (Bilingual Edition) invites you on a spiritual journey. By exploring the invisible forces behind thangka art, we hope to enable you to appreciate its profound spiritual substance beyond its exquisite visual presentation. From the flow of the artist's heart, to the secret language of symbols and colors, to the convergence of prayer and blessings, each layer hides an "invisible thangka." May this book serve as your guide in deciphering thangka art and comprehending Buddhist wisdom, opening up a deeper understanding and resonance with this ancient and vibrant art form.
