6500词床头灯英语学习读本：不可不知的德国历史故事（英汉对照） [Historical Stories of Germany] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

　　公元前，在莱茵河与易北河生活着20多个部落，称为日尔曼人。罗马帝国经过多年征战，于公元前58年将疆域拓展到莱茵河。当时的日耳曼人，在赫曼（Hermann）的领导下团结一致，于条顿堡森林（Teutoburg Forest）大败罗马军队，历史遂以条顿（Teuton）称呼这个民族。
　　公元2-3世纪，日尔曼部族从散居状态逐渐形成了撤克逊、法兰克、巴伐利亚、图林根、黑森等较稳定的部落。3世纪时，查理曼（Charlemagne）帝国几乎统一了日耳曼诸族。
　　814年查理大帝去世，形成了东西两个王国，其分界线大致与德语和法语之间的语言界限相当。讲法语的西法兰克王国后来演变成今天的法国，而讲德语的东法兰克王国的居民开始用德意志来称呼自己的语言和民族。
　　919年，撒克逊公爵亨利一世即位，正式创立德意志早期封建国家，这是严格意义上的德国历史的开始。这时的王国大致包括今日的荷兰、德国、瑞士、奥地利。14世纪中期，德国出现封建割据，分裂成几百个邦国。
　　15、16世纪，意大利掀起文艺复兴运动，其在德国的影响就是1517年由马丁·路德领导的宗教改革，这场宗教改革使德国分裂了天主教。新旧教派之间的矛盾冲突引发了1618-1648年的战争，德意志复又处于四分五裂的状态。
　　侣世纪初，在腓特烈大帝（Friedrich the Great）的统治下，日耳曼诸邦中的普鲁士王国（Prussia）兴起。1870年，普法战争爆发，普鲁士战胜法国。侣71年，普鲁士国王威廉一世在凡尔赛宫接受加冕，成为德意志皇帝。从此，德国作为一个统一的近代民族国家在欧洲崛起。
　　《不可不知的德国历史故事（英汉对照）》共讲述了25个故事，内容跨越了罗马帝国时期一直到1 9世纪末德意志帝国统一的历史阶段，故事涉及到德国历史上的最重大事件和最重要人物。
　　这些篇章虽属于历史故事，读之却像《三国演义》，人物栩栩如生，描写生动形象，情节曲折引人入胜，令人读之不忍释卷。故事的主人公除了毫无人性的暴君以及阴险诡诈的小人，许多至今仍值得人们怀念与敬仰。他们之中有的犹如诸葛亮般足智多谋，以少胜多，以弱胜强；有的犹如秦皇汉武壮志凌云，雄视天下；有的坚忍不拔百折不挠，为了信仰舍生取义；有的为了国家独立，大义凛然，前仆后继，视死如归。
　　这些故事大致按照德国历史的时间顺序记述，每-个故事都是一个历史片断。把这些故事串成一条线，虽然还不能构成完整的德国历史，但管窥蠡测可见这一千年间德国人文、风俗、宗教信仰以及政治、经济、军事等的变迁与发展的轨迹。

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目录

德国英雄赫尔曼
阿尔伯因和约瑟蒙德
格雷蒙德的事业
维特金德，撤克逊爱国者
哈托主教的人生之旅
莱茵河的鼠塔
恩斯特公爵的不幸经历
奥托二世之治一
亨利四世
弗雷德里克·巴巴罗萨大帝与米兰
弗雷德里克二世的十字军
威廉·泰尔与瑞士爱国者
黑死病和鞭身者
一个疯狂的皇帝
盲武士杰士卡
路德与特赦
农夫与再洗礼派教徒
华伦斯坦的命运
两个伟大战士的结局
青年时代的弗雷德里克大帝
伏尔泰与弗雷德里克大帝
七年战争的壮丽场面
蒂罗尔的爱国者
新旧帝国

精彩书摘

　　hastily made camp. But it was impossible for them to remain there. Their provisions were lost or exhausted, thousands of enemies sur- rounded them, and their only hope lay in immediate and rapid flight.
　　Sun rise came. The soldiers had recovered somewhat from the fa- tigue of the day before. Setting fire to what baggage remained in their hands, they began a retreat fighting as they went, for the pitiless ene- my disputed every step. The first part of their route lay through an open plain, where they marched in orderly ranks. But there were mountains still to pass, and they quickly found themselves in a wood- ed and pathless valley, in whose rugged depths defense was almost impossible. Here they fell in thousands before the weapons of their enemies. It was but a small body of survivors that at length escaped from that deadly pass and threw up camp for the night in a more open spot.
　　With the dawn of the next day they resumed their progress, and were at no great distance from their stronghold of Aliso when they found their progress arrested by fresh tribes, who attacked them with great violence. On they struggled, fighting, dying, marking every step of the route with their dead. Varus, now reduced to despair, and see- ing only slaughter or captivity before him, threw himself on his sword, and died in the midst of those whom his blind confidence had led to destruction.
　　No more terrible disaster had ever struck the Roman army. Many prisoners had been taken, among them certain judges and lawyers, who were the chief objects of Hermanns hate, and whom he devoted to a painful death. He then offered sacrifices to the gods, to whom he gave the captured goods, the dead, and the leading prisoners, numbers of them being killed on the altars of his gods. These religious cere- monies completed,prisoners who still remained were distributed a- mong the tribes as slaves. The effort of Varus to force Roman customs and laws upon the Germans had led to a fearful retribution.
　　When the news of this dreadful event reached Rome, that city was filled with grief and fear. The heart of Augustus, now an old man, was stricken with dismay at the slaughter of the best soldiers of the empire. With neglected dress and person he wandered about the rooms and halls of the palace, his piteous appeal, "Varus, give me back my soldiers！" showing how deeply the disaster had pierced his soul.
　　Meanwhile, the Germans, satisfied, as it seemed, with expelling the Romans from their country, destroyed their forts and military roads, and settled back into peace.
　　For six years peace continued. Augustus died, and Tiberius be- came emperor of Rome. Then, in the year 14 A.D., an effort was made to retake Germany, an army commanded by the son of Drusus, known to history under the name of Germanicus, attacking the Marsi, when intoxicated and unarmed after a religious feast. Great numbers of the defenseless tribesmen were killed, but the other tribes sprung to arms and drove the invader back across the Rhine.
　　In the next year Hermann was again brought into the conflict. Segestus had robbed him of his wife, the beautiful patriot Thusnelda, who up until then had been his right hand in council in his plans a- gainst the Roman enemy. Hermann besieged Segestus to regain pos- session of his wife, and pressed the traitor so closely that he sent his son Sigismund to Germanicus, who was again on the German side of the Rhine, imploring aid. The Roman leader took instant advantage of this promising opportunity. He advanced and forced Hermann to raise the siege, and himself took possession of Thusnelda, who was destined soon afterwards to be made the leading feature in a Roman parade. Segestus was rewarded for his treason, and was given lands in Gaul, his life being not safe among the people he had betrayed. As for the daughter whom he had yielded to Roman hands, her fate troubled little his base soul.
　　Thusnelda is still a popular character in German legend, there being various stories concerning her. One of these relates that, when she lay concealed in the old fort of Schellenpyrmont, she was warned by the cries of a faithful bird of the coming of the Romans, who were seeking quietly to approach her hiding place.
　　The loss of his beloved wife roused Hermanns heroic spirit, and spread anger among the Germans, who highly esteemed the noble- hearted woman. They rose hastily in arms, and Hermann was soon at the head of a large army, prepared to defend his country against the attacking hosts of the Romans. But as the latter proved too strong to face in the open field, the Germans retreated with their families and property, the country left by them being laid waste by the advancing armies.
　　Germanicus soon reached the scene of the late slaughter, and caused the bones of the soldiers of Varus to be buried. But in doing this he was obliged to enter the mountain passes in which the former army had met its fate. Hermann and his men watched the Romans in- tently from forest and hilltop. When they had fairly entered the narrow valleys, the adroit chief appeared before them at the head of a small troop, which retreated as if in fear, drawing them onward until the whole army had entered the pass.
　　Then the fatal signal was given, and the revengeful Gernmas fell upon the armies of Germanicus as they had done upon those of Varus, cutting them down in great numbers.

前言/序言

6500词床头灯英语学习读本：不可不知的德国历史故事（英汉对照） [Historical Stories of Germany] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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