具體描述
內容簡介
告彆瞭賢君的世紀，帝國的光環褪色瞭嗎？羅馬哲學傢皇帝馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·奧勒留，實現瞭柏拉圖的理想。沉醉哲學的他肩負起龐大帝國的重擔，責任感的鞭策，使他為羅馬帝國鞠躬盡瘁。然而高尚的品德和絕佳的能力卻無法力挽狂瀾，心靈細膩真摯的皇帝不好殺戮，卻因蠻族侵擾而陷入長期戰事，心中的無奈可想而知。奧勒留燃燒心力延續瞭帝國的生命，雖贏得後世稱道，夕陽的餘暉卻漸籠罩帝國。相較於賢能的父親，其子似乎符閤一切昏君的形象：不體下情、近視短利、猜疑心重、重用私人，甚至多部電影著墨於其繼承的正當性，不相信賢明如奧勒留者，會將帶領羅馬帝國的重任交付給能力不足的親生兒子。隨著兒子被暗殺，羅馬帝國更陷入危機，長期的軍事緊張使軍人掌握強大的力量，嚴守邊境的軍事領袖成為皇位角逐者，同胞相殘彷佛一世紀末的重演。後軍人柏提那剋斯奪得後的勝利，軍人皇帝異於以往的強硬手腕，也代錶著羅馬帝國將走上不同的道路，帝國內外勢必麵臨更嚴酷的考驗，羅馬似乎已在道路的盡頭。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
作者簡介
鹽野七生，日本受男性歡迎的女作傢。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">1937年生於日本，font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">26歲遊學意大利兩年，深感日本是個沒有英雄的國度，迴日後不久毅然齣走，再赴意大利，定居羅馬，一住至今，終生研究羅馬史。也許，每個人的心中都埋藏著一個英雄夢，而唯有昔日羅馬能讓人一圓夙夢。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
提起寫羅馬的作傢，首推鹽野七生。鹽野七生自宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1992年開始，以古羅馬帝國為題材，編織她的英雄夢，她以每年一冊的速度，曆時十五年，至mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">2006年完成這部時空縱深長達一韆多年的羅馬史。《羅馬人的故事》係列叢書的齣版後，斬獲意大利國傢勛章及日本國內的各項大奬。引起日本、韓國商界、政、學界巨大震蕩，日韓企業界領袖及政府高層都曾與她有過多次高端對談。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
目錄
錢幣的故事mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
第一部mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"> 皇帝馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·奧勒留（公元mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">161年font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">~180年在位）mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
序幕font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
成長時代font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
身世font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
成長font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
少年時代font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
成人儀式font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
帝王教育font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
羅馬人的哲學font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
帝國的安全保障史font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
下任皇帝馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
羅馬人的一天font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
教師弗倫多font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
結婚font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
幾點疑問font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
皇帝馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·奧勒留mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
兩位皇帝font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
皇帝路奇烏斯font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
飢荒與洪水font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
東方戰雲font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
帕提亞戰爭font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
禦駕親徵font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
反攻開始font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
哲學傢皇帝的政治font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
瘟疫font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
基督教徒font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
日耳曼尼亞戰爭font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
路奇烏斯之死font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
戰爭開始font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
“防綫失守啦！font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
羅馬人和蠻族font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
時代的變化font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·奧勒留圓柱（mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">Columna Marci Aurelii）宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
多瑙河戰綫font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
前綫基地font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
蠻族的多米諾現象font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
叛亂font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
將軍卡西烏斯font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
善後處理font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
世襲確立font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
“第二次日耳曼尼亞戰爭font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
死font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
第二部mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"> 皇帝科莫德斯（公元font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">180年mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">~192年在位）font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
電影與曆史font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
戰爭結束font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
“60年的和平font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
科莫德斯其人font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
姐姐魯切拉font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
陰謀font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
開始的font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">5年mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
親信政治font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
“羅馬的赫拉剋勒斯font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
暗殺font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
第三部mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"> 內亂時代（公元font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">193年mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">~197年）font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
軍團裏的實力派font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
皇帝柏提那剋斯font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
皇位爭奪戰的序幕font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
進軍羅馬font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
在首都font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
對手亞爾比努斯font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
又一個font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“實力派mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”
伊索斯平原font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
第四部mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"> 皇帝謝普提米烏斯font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·塞維魯（公元mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">193年font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">~211年在位）mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
軍人皇帝font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
意外的結果font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
東徵及其後果font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
裝點門楣font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
布裏坦尼亞font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
死font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
大事年錶font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
參考文獻font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
圖片版權font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
前言
沒有哪一位羅馬皇帝能擁有馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留那樣良好的口碑。此人位列五賢帝的後，也因人稱宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“哲學傢皇帝mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”而赫赫有名。他不僅在當時深受人們的愛戴，直到今天，在將近兩韆年的漫長歲月裏，其他羅馬皇帝也沒能像他一樣一直享有如此崇高的聲望。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
如果論統治者的力量，那麼羅馬史上馬可宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 奧勒留的領袖也有幾位，例如帝政事實上的創始人尤裏烏斯mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 愷撒，以及其後建立起羅馬帝國的開國皇帝奧古斯都，齣身於行省卻對故鄉西班牙一視同仁的帝國統治者圖拉真，不惜摺損自身壽命巡視整個帝國遼闊疆域並重建防衛體係的哈德良。即使我們不看共和時代，隻說鼎盛期的帝政時代，也能立刻列舉齣這些名字。然而，縱然是他們，在緊抓後世人心的兩個有效手段mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">——留下font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“聲音mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”以及font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“形象mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”方麵均不及馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 奧勒留，因為哲學傢皇帝在這些方麵無疑更占優勢。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 奧勒留遺有一冊後世人稱為《沉思錄》的書，正因這部著作他纔獲得mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">“哲學傢皇帝font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”的稱謂。而從《沉思錄》的書名可以看齣，這完全不是學術性的哲學著述。他身為羅馬皇帝，要務之一就是齣擊蠻族，該書隻是戰鬥間隙mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
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記錄所思所想的小冊子而已。馬可9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 奧勒留自少年時代起就喜愛哲學，書裏基本都是他的自省與思考。而現代的西歐學者則從不吝惜mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">“古人倫理的極緻錶達font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”、mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">“高貴靈魂的真情呐喊font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”等溢美之詞。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
柏拉圖曾說，國傢讓喜愛哲學的人來負責政治是為理想的。我們暫且不論柏拉圖的這種論斷是否恰當，對於啓濛主義運動過後的近現代學者而言，馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留正好是曆史上實現瞭柏拉圖理想的案例。不要無止無休地討論人們究竟能否公正和善良，我們隻需追求公正善良的行動，這個時刻已經到來瞭！（相關內容見《沉思錄》捲十。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">——譯者注）font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
這就是羅馬大帝國高權力者的9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“聲音mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”。而緊隨聲音的就是font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“形象mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”。馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 奧勒留的騎馬像至今仍舊屹立在羅馬七丘之一的卡匹托爾山上。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
即使有人不知道柏拉圖，也可能沒有讀過《沉思錄》，但隻要一看這座騎馬像，立刻就能感覺到它是至高無上的傑作。從古代到今天，兩韆年來人們製作的騎馬像不可勝數，可就算有幾萬座，我相信馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留騎馬像的地位也絕不會動搖。因為不管怎樣，它使米開朗琪羅産生瞭利用的念頭。當初，這座騎馬像並不在卡匹托爾山，在上韆年的歲月裏，它一直位於羅馬市中心南端的拉特蘭教堂廣場上。這座騎馬像之所以能在mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">4 世紀末席捲羅馬的基督教徒破壞與希臘、羅馬相關作品的風暴中得以保留，卻並不是因為狂熱之徒中有人讀過《沉思錄》，也不是因為有人發現瞭騎馬像的藝術價值，覺得銷毀太可惜，因此對其伸齣援手，隻不過是當時人們單純地誤以為它是第一位承認基督教的羅馬皇帝君士坦丁。馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留蓄有濃密的大鬍子，不知人們為什麼會將他和總是颳淨鬍須的君士坦丁搞錯，而正是因為這個誤會，馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留騎馬像纔終在當時font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">22 座羅馬皇帝騎馬像中僅存下來。據記載，其他mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">21 座騎馬像，包括尤裏烏斯font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 愷撒、奧古斯都、圖拉真等皇帝的騎馬像，因為和馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留騎馬像一樣均為青銅所製，結果都被熔化，然後轉為他用，後消失得無影無蹤瞭。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
其後又過瞭一韆多年，羅馬經過漫長的中世紀，迎來瞭文藝復興時代。在這一光輝時代，即使不被誤認為君士坦丁，即人們發現瞭這是馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留的騎馬像，也不會將它投進熔化爐。還有遭受唾棄的異教徒聖地卡匹托爾山，在長期閑置之後也齣現瞭變化，開始人來人往地熱鬧起來。而負責這一帶規劃的，正是米開朗琪羅。這位文藝復興晚期的代錶性藝術傢決定利用傲然屹立的馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留騎馬像，作為重建卡匹托爾山的重要元素。就這樣，哲學傢皇帝不但在漫長的中世紀得以存留，現在又幸運地享受榮光，能在古時凱鏇將軍嚮諸神祈禱還願的卡匹托爾山上占有一席之地，這完全是因為騎馬像製作工藝精湛。試想，如果它在藝術價值上存在什麼瑕疵的話，造詣極深的雕刻傢米開朗琪羅絕不會將它安放在自己設計的廣場中央。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
不過，這場名為文藝復興的精神運動，不但使馬可宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 奧勒留得以重現，而且同樣使其他皇帝在經過長眠之後再次蘇醒。文藝復興時代就是以mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">“復興古代font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”為口號的，所以它也是大規模挖掘古代遺跡的時代。可是從地下走齣展現身姿的皇帝們，大多隻有上半身的胸像，縱然偶有全身像齣土，也都是身披鎧甲或者托加的立姿像。騎馬的皇帝像，馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留依舊是的。並且這尊騎馬像的風格非常不一般。騎在馬上的馬可宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 奧勒留既沒有身著高司令官的甲衣，也沒有披上皇帝那種華麗的袍衫，而是摘下頭盔、脫掉胸甲，在短衣之外隻罩瞭一襲輕薄的鬥篷，似乎正在接受戰士和市民們的歡呼。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
他既不是耀武揚威，也沒有居高臨下，是一位極其真實自然的皇帝。顯然，這是極其高超的藝術傢通過人物沉靜的狀態展現瞭他剛毅的性格，這是人和馬的完美結閤。後代考察羅馬的曆史學傢吉本、濛森、湯因比所看到的，就是這個馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留銅像，而作傢歌德和司湯達所看到的，也同樣是它。凡到過羅馬的人，大傢所共同瞻仰的，就是這尊馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留騎馬像。因為隻有這尊銅像既不像尤裏烏斯宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">· 愷撒像那樣被安放在羅馬市政廳，也不像奧古斯都像那樣在美術館裏展覽，而是矗立於卡匹托爾山上，在蒼穹之下，沐浴著陽光。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
不過，近來人們擔心銅像遭到汽車尾氣汙染，不得不改在室內展齣，所以馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留銅像終也被搬進瞭卡匹托爾美術館。宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">500 多年前米開朗琪羅所確定的位置上，現在隻剩下一個粗糙的復製品瞭。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
1990 年人們曾修復過這尊騎馬像，修復完畢後將它從颱伯河岸運迴卡匹托爾山。雖然用大型貨車裝載，道路也並不遙遠，可畢竟物品彌足珍貴。大型貨車在晨曦之中，移動之緩慢真的如同馬匹慢步。當時我正在路邊眺望裝運的情景，突然身後傳來一個美國男人的聲音：mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
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“太偉大瞭！我竟然在羅馬遇見瞭羅馬皇帝！宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
如果當時運送的是愷撒或奧古斯都的立像，那麼遊人未必會發齣如此的感嘆。要瞻仰羅馬皇帝的話就必須麵對他騎馬的形象。對源於羅馬文明的歐美人而言，這想必是他們率真的感想。相比於其他羅馬皇帝，馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">· 奧勒留在這一點上實在是好運氣，連人們這種天真的願望都能予以滿足，真可謂。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
精彩書摘
在羅馬人的傢庭裏，嬰兒一齣生，父親就用雙手高舉著，展示給親友和僕人看。嬰兒齣生後的第九天，舉行祛除邪穢的儀式，此時給嬰兒起名。我想之所以一定要等到第九天纔冠名，很可能是因為當時嬰兒的死亡率比較高的緣故。當一個人成為他人的養子，或是地位有所上升，往往會用傢傳的名字作為伴隨自己一生的個人名，因為此人這時的社會生存率無疑比較高。後來的哲學傢皇帝所起的名字，和他的父親及祖父一樣，都叫馬可。羅馬人的姓名由個人名、傢傳名、傢族名三部分構成，在做皇帝之前，馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·奧勒留所用的名字是馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·阿尼厄斯mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·維魯斯。font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
羅馬人的傢庭還有一個習慣，就是在起名的同時贈給嬰兒兩種東西：一種是在又細又輕的金環上掛些東西，一搖就發齣聲音，有點類似於撥浪鼓；另一種是黃金質地的護身符，用一根細繩掛在脖子上，直到成人禮舉行之前，這個護身符都不能摘下。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
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曆史學傢塔西佗曾留有以下文字，我們可以從中一窺公元宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">2世紀前後羅馬上流傢庭養育孩子的狀況。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
在從前的羅馬，一個經過正式結婚生齣的小孩不可能放在女奴的小屋裏，而是要生長在母親的懷抱中。親手養育子女不但關係到母親的顔麵，而且展示母親的愛心，是非常風光的事情。流傳至今的很多資料顯示，格拉古兄弟（指提比裏烏斯mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·格拉古和蓋約font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·格拉古。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">——譯者注）的母親科爾涅利婭和尤裏烏斯宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·愷撒的母親奧雷利婭關注的事情就是養育孩子。她們毫不吝惜地傾注母愛，對孩子的文化修養和身體健康等方麵無微不至，終培養齣瞭羅馬的領袖。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
可是如今，母親的任務在嬰兒落地時就宣告結束，為嬰兒哺乳的是奶媽，斷奶之後就利用學習希臘語的托辭，將嬰兒交給來自希臘的女奴。在上流社會的傢庭裏，養育幼兒的通常不是某一個人，而是由好幾個人共同負責。這些女人除瞭會說希臘語之外彆無所長，大多難以勝任其他重要工作。也就是說，孩子處在低賤的毫無教養的女奴們的包圍之下，聽著她們無休無止地閑談，看著她們絞盡腦汁地偷懶耍滑頭，結果整個傢庭中沒有一個人真正關注小主人的內心感受和言談舉止，盡管真正意義上的養育子女正需要在這些細節上體察入微。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
塔西佗這個人生活在帝國的鼎盛期，可不管對什麼事情都持悲觀態度。所以我們在接受這位一流的帝政專傢的言論時，還是打些摺扣纔好。不過，對公元mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">2世紀培養孩子的現狀大發感慨的，卻並不隻有塔西佗一人。在愷撒時代宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">200年以後，統治階層教育子女的方式恐怕也是當時諸多變化之一。馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·奧勒留在他的《沉思錄》中，也談到瞭自己是由奶媽哺乳的。宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
不過，他的母親多米提亞font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·露西拉卻完全不是那種執迷於社交生活而把孩子甩給女奴的貴婦。馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·奧勒留font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">3歲時，父親就故去瞭，而當時女子一般在mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">15歲時就結婚，所以馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·奧勒留的母親成為寡婦時很可能還不到mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">20歲。富有，年輕，又有生育的經驗，這些都是羅馬社會裏再婚的絕好條件。盡管如此，多米提亞卻沒有再婚。她的兒子後來這樣描述自己年輕的母親：mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
從我的母親那裏，我濡染瞭虔誠、仁愛和不僅戒除惡行，甚而戒除惡念的品質，以及遠離的簡樸生活方式。（本段譯文參考瞭《沉思錄》，少年時代的馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·奧勒留多米提亞font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·露西拉，何懷宏譯，中央編譯齣版社mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">2011年版。font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">——譯者注）mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
雖然馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·奧勒留的母親可能不像格拉古兄弟的母親和尤裏烏斯mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·愷撒的母親那樣，能夠和以後活躍於政壇的兒子平等交流，但她也沒有將育兒大事推給彆人。馬可mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">·奧勒留在確定成為下一任皇帝之後，仍舊和傢庭教師之間保持書信往來。他在書信的後，往往特地附上母親發齣的問候。一位母親和孩子少年時代的教師之間密切的溝通於此可見一斑。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
馬可font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">·奧勒留的記憶裏不曾存留父親故去的情景，母親的離開則是在他mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">34歲的時候。所以他是在慈愛平和的祖父及母親的守護下度過的少年時代，而這一時期也是羅馬帝國的和平年代。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
……
編輯推薦
《羅馬人的故事mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">11》看點：font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
1、mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"> 對於以超級大國為發展目標的當代中國，在歐洲曆史上可作為藉鑒的，唯有古羅馬帝國。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
2、mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"> 古羅馬人智力不及希臘人，體力不及高盧人和日耳曼人，技術不及埃特魯利亞人，經濟不及迦太基人，但為什麼能夠一一打敗對手，建立並維持一個龐大的羅馬帝國。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
3、古羅馬被視為人類史上早的大型跨國企業，有見識的企業領袖和經營者必讀羅馬史。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
4、羅馬史被廣泛應用在領導者論、組織論、國傢論中，領導者和政府機關工作人員必讀羅馬史。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
5、mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt"> 古羅馬帝國的國傢與民族、中央與地方、自由與法製、君主與公民、宗教與人性、權力與秩序、科學與技術，每一項都與現代中國息息相關。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
6、鹽野七生，被譽為受男人歡迎的女作傢，有著女性罕有的理性概括能力，從復雜的曆史錶象中找齣脈動的主綫，透徹、清晰、具體。作者定居羅馬mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">30多年，有著不同於以往西方作傢的第一手資料和東方視角。宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
媒體評論
在古羅馬從共和製進入到帝製的階段裏，愷撒沒能親眼看到自己理想中的社會成為現實。而我們後人則從羅馬之後多民族、多文化融閤並伴隨著法律而創造的一段和平、安定曆史中，目睹瞭愷撒理想的實現。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
——《讀賣新聞》font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
羅馬font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> “寬容mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”的治世基本方針，並不僅僅錶現在對對手的無條件宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“大赦mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”或者font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“接受mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”，而是包含以下幾個方麵：當處理和對手的宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“差異mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”時，認真考慮這種font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“差異mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”究竟是什麼。font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
通過與對方的不斷溝通、對話來瞭解為什麼自己會和對手産生這樣的差異。自己不僅從對方的mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">“差異font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”中學習到新的東西，還試圖為這種mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">“差異font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”找到雙方的共同點。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
——《日本經濟新聞》font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
如果說一定要給現在的年輕人推薦書，我想非鹽野七生的《羅馬人的故事》莫屬。該書以詳細的原典和豐富的史料為基礎，在敘述曆史的同時，加上瞭作者富有觀察力的分析，堪稱是精緻、格調高雅、不落俗套的曆史著作。書中將擴張羅馬的英雄mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">——愷撒的高盧戰爭，及名將漢尼拔於國傢生死存亡之際進行的布匿戰爭等場景描述地淋灕盡緻。此外，該書的大特色就是將一個意大利半島小國成為世界強國並持續瞭mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">1300年的輝煌曆程描繪地栩栩如生。9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
羅馬雖是font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“帝國mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”，但仍是一個民主主義很強的國傢。9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“重視人性、尊重他人mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”、font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“寬容接納異民族、文化、宗教mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”、font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“維持傢族mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">?社會font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">?國傢秩序mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”這些價值觀，都是後來font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“羅馬統治下的和平mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">”齣現的理念，且至今並未褪色。9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
作者就羅馬政治體製內的緊張關係、有力卻規模小的軍力、依法治國方針、羅馬街道網為代錶的基礎設施建設、開放的經濟政策及穩定的稅製、舉賢任能等方麵進行瞭徹底的分析。作者認為支持羅馬繁榮重要的是，國傢意誌、國傢建設、帝王能力和公民等。mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
——日本九州經濟産業局局長font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 橘高公久mso-fareast-font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#666666;mso-font-kerning:
0pt">
用戶評價
小學數學練習機最好的小學數學軟件，百度搜索下載免費版。
評分是我最喜歡的書 謝謝 鹽野七生女士
評分不錯，下次還來買，京東真好
評分瞭解羅馬曆史最好的書籍，強烈推薦
評分好書 一套買齊瞭
評分印刷清楚，包裝完整，是正品。。。。。
評分對羅馬比較感興趣，朋友推薦
評分印刷清楚，包裝完整，是正品。。。。。
評分網上買書還是比較實惠
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