內容簡介
哈裏德一書是一套典型的美國教材,在我國也有很高的知名度。原書物理原理闡述通俗易懂,圖文並茂內容豐富。編者在改編時保持瞭原作的風格和特色,根據國內高校教學的基本特點,係統地闡述瞭力學、熱學、光學、電磁學等基本規律和基本概念,並初步介紹瞭相對論原理、原子物理、半導體物理等近現代物理內容。刪掉與中學物理重復的部分,使整體內容緊湊閤理,並在每章末尾安排瞭較多的思考題和習題,使《理科類係列教材:基礎物理學(第7版,改編版)》在理工科教學中更具有實用性,普適性。
《理科類係列教材:基礎物理學(第7版,改編版)》可作為高等學校物理專業基礎課雙語教材,也可供其他理工科類專業有關教師、學生參考。
內頁插圖
目錄
1 Measurement
1-1 What Is Physics?
1-2 Measuring Things
1-3 The International System of Units
1-4 Changing Units
1-5 Length
1-6 Time
1-7 Mass
Problems
2 Motion
2-1 What Is Physics?
2-2 Vectors and Scalars
2-3 Multiplying Vectors
2-4 Motion
2-5 Position and Displacement
2-6 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity
2-7 Acceleration
2-8 Constant Acceleration: A Special Case
2-9 Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis
2-10 Projectile Motion
2-11 Projectile Motion Analyzed
2-12 Uniform Circular Motion
2-13 Relative Motion
Questions
Problems
3 Force
3-1 What Is Physics?
3-2 Newtonian Mechanics
3-3 Newton's First Law
3-4 Force
3-5 Mass
3-6 Newton's Second Law
3-7 Newton's Third Law
3-8 Applying Newton's Laws
3-9 Some Particular Forces
3-10 Friction
3-11 The Drag Force and Terminal Speed
3-12 Uniform circular Motion
Questions
Problems
4 Energy and Work
4-1 What Is Physics?
4-2 What Is Energy?
4-3 Kinetic Energy
4-4 Work
4-5 Work and Kinetic Energy
4-6 Work Done by the Force
4-7 Power
4-8 Work and Potential Energy
4-9 Path Independence of Conservative Forces
4-10 Determining Potential Energy Values
4-11 Conservation of Mechanical Energy
4-12 Work Done on a System by an External Force
4-13 Conservation of Energy
Questions
Problems
5 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum
5-1 What Is Physics?
5-2 The Center of Mass
5-3 Newton's Second Law for a System of Particles
5-4 Linear Momenttma
5-5 The Linear Momentum of a System of Particles
5-6 Collision and Impulse
5-7 Conservation of Linear Momentum
5-8 Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions
5-9 Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension
5-10 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension
5-11 Collisions in Two Dimensions
5-12 Systems with Varying Mass:
A Rocket
Questions
Problems
6 Rotation and Angular Momentum
6-1 What Is Physics?
6-2 Equilibrium
6-3 The Rotational Variables
6-4 Are Angular Quantities Vectors?
6-5 Relating the Linear and Angular Variables
6-6 Kinetic Energy of Rotation
6-7 Calculating the Rotational Inertia
6-8 Newton's Second Law for Rotation
6-9 Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy
6-10 Rolling as Translation and Rotation Combined
6-11 The Kinetic Energy of Rolling
6-12 The Forces of Rolling
6-13 Torque Revisited
6-14 Angular Momentum
6-15 Newton's Second Law in Angular orm
6-16 The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles
6-17 The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis
6-18 Precession of a Gyroscope
Questions
Problems
7 Gravitation
7-1 What Is Physics?
7-2 Newton's Law of Gravitation
7-3 Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition
7-4 Gravitation Near Earth's Surface
7-5 Gravitation Inside Earth
7-6 Gravitational Potential Energy
7-7 Planets and Satellites: Kepler's Laws
7-8 Satellites: Orbits and Energy
7-9 Einstein and Gravitation
Questions
Problems
8 Oscillations
8-1 What Is Physics?
8-2 Simple Harmonic Motion
8-3 The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion
8-4 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion
8-5 An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator
8-6 Pendulums
8-7 Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion
8-8 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion
8-9 Forced Oscillations and Resonance
Questions
Problems
9 Waves
9-1 What Is Physics?
9-2 Types of Waves
9-3 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves
9-4 Wavelength and Frequency
9-5 The Speed of Wave
9-6 Energy and Power of a Wave Traveling Along a String
9-7 The Wave Equation
9-8 Standing Waves
9-9 Sound Waves
9-10 Traveling Sound Waves
9-11 Interference
9-12 Intensity and Sound Level
9-13 Sources of Musical Sound
9-14 Beats
9-15 The Doppler Effect
9-16 Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves
Questions
Problems
10 The Kinetic Theory of Gases
10-1 What Is Physics?
10-2 Avogadro's Number
10-3 Ideal Gases
10-4 Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed
10-5 Translational Kinetic Energy
10-6 Mean Free Path
10-7 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds
10-8 The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas
10-9 Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats
10-10 A Hint of Quantum Theory
10-11 The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas
Questions
Problems
11 The Law of Thermodynamics
11-1 What Is Physics?
11-2 Temperature
11-3 The Zeroth Law of Themodynamics
11-4 Measuring Temperature
11-5 Thermal Expansion
11-6 The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids
11-7 A Closer Look at Heat and Work
11-8 The First Law of Thermodynamics
11-9 Heat Transfer Mechanisms
11-10 Irreversible Processes and Entropy
11-11 Change in Entropy
11-12 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
11-13 Entropy in the Real World
11-14 A Statistical View of Entropy
Questions
Problems
12 Electricity
12-1 What Is Physics?
12-2 Electric Charge
12-3 Electric Field
12-4 A Point Charge in an Electric Field
12-5 A Dipole in an Electric Field
12-6 Electric Potential
12-7 Calculating the Potential from the Field
12-8 Electric Potential Energy
12-9 Potential of a Charged Isolated Conductor
Questions
Problems
13 Gauss'Law
13-1 What Is Physics?
13-2 Flux
13-3 Flux of an Electric Field
13-4 Gauss' Law
13-5 Gauss' Law and Coulomb's Law
13-6 A Charged Isolated Conductor
13-7 Applying Gauss' Law: Cylindrical Symmetry
13-8 Applying Gauss' Law: Planar Symmetry
13-9 Applying Gauss' Law: Spherical Symmetry
Questions
Problems
14 DC Circuits
14-1 What Is Physics?
14-2 Capacitance
14-3 Capacitors in Parallel and in Series
14-4 Energy Stored in an Electric Field
14-5 Capacitor with a Dielectric
14-6 Electric Current
14-7 Resistance and Resistivity
14-8 Power in Electric Circuits
14-9 "Pumping" Charges
14-10 Calculating the Current in a Single-Loop Circuit
14-11 Multiloop Circuits
14-12 RC Circuits
Questions
Problems
15 Magnetic Fields
15-1 What Is Physics?
15-2 What Produces a Magnetic Field?
15-3 The Definition orB
15-4 Crossed Fields: Discovery of the Electron
15-5 Crossed Fields: The Hall Effect
15-6 A Circulating Charged Particle
15-7 Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons
15-8 Magnetic Force on a Current- Carrying Wire
15-9 Torque on a Current Loop
15-10 The Magnetic Dipole Moment
Questions
Problems
16 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
16-1 What Is Physics?
16-2 Calculating the Magnetic Field Due to a Current
16-3 Force Between Two Parallel Currents
16-4 Ampere's Law
16-5 Solenoids and Toroids Magnetic Field of a Solenoid
16-6 A Current-Carrying Coil as a Magnetic Dipole
Questions
Problems
17 Induction and Inductance
17-1 What Is Physics?
17-2 Two Experiments
17-3 Faraday's Law of Induction
17-4 Lenz's Law
17-5 Induction and Energy Transfers
17-6 Induced Electric Fields
17-7 Inductors and Inductance
17-8 Self-Induction
17-9 RL Circuits",
17-10 Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
17-11 Energy Density of a Magnetic Field
17-12 Mutual Induction
Questions
Problems
18 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current
18-1 What Is Physics?
18-2 LC Oscillations, Qualitatively
18-3 The Electrical-Mechanical Analogy
18-4 LC Oscillations, Quantitatively
18-5 Damped Oscillations in an RLC Circuit
18-6 Alter'hating Current
18-7 Forced Oscillations
18-8 Three Simple Circuits
18-9 The Series RLC Circuit
18-10 Power in Alternating-Current Circuits
18-11 Transformers
Questions
Problems
19 MaxweH's Equations; Magnetism of Matter
19-1 What Is Physics?
19-2 Gauss' Law for Magnetic Fields
19-3 Induced Magnetic Fields
19-4 Displacement Current
19-5 Maxwell's Equations
19-6 Magnets
19-7 Magnetism and Electrons
19-8 Magnetic Materials
19-9 Diamagnetism
19-10 Paramagnetism
19-11 Ferromagnetism
Questions
Problems
20 Electromagnetic Waves
20-1 What Is Physics?
20-2 Maxwell's Rainbow
20-3 The Traveling Electromagnetic Wave, Qualitatively
20-4 The Traveling Electromagnetic Wave, Quantitatively
20-5 Energy Transport and the Poynting Vector
20-6 Radiation Pressure
20-7 Polarization
20-8 Reflection and Refraction
20-9 Total Internal Reflection
20-10 Polarization by Reflection
Questions
Problems
21 Optics
21-1 What Is Physics?
21-2 Images
21-3 Thin Lenses
21-4 Optical Instruments
21-5 Light as a Wave
21-6 Diffraction
21-7 Diffraction by a Circular Aperture
21-8 Diffraction by a Double Slit
21-9 Diffraction Gratings
21-10 X-Ray Diffraction
21-11 Interference
21-12 Interference from Thin Films
21-13 Michelson's Interferometer
Questions
Problems
22 Relativity
22-1 What Is Physics?
22-2 The Postulates
22-3 Measuring an Event
22-4 The Relativity of Simultaneity
22-5 The Relativity of Time
22-6 The Relativity of Length
22-7 The Lorentz Transformation
22-8 Some Consequences of the Lorentz Equations
22-9 The Relativity of Velocities
22-10 Doppler Effect for Light
22-11 A New Look at Momentum
22-12 A New Look at Energy
Questions
Problems
23 Quantum Physics
23-1 What Is Physics?
23-2 The Photon, the Quantum of Light
23-3 Electrons and Matter Waves
23-4 Schrrdinger's Equation and Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
23-5 Energies of a Trapped Electron One-Dimensional Traps
23-6 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen tom
23-7 Some Properties of Atoms
23-8 Angular Momenta and Magnetic Dipole Moments
23-9 The Stern-Gerlach Experiment
23-10 Magnetic Resonance
23-11 The Pauli Exclusion Principle
23-12 Building the Periodic Table
23-13 X Rays and the Ordering of the Elements
23-14 Lasers and Laser Light
Questions
Problems
24 Conduction of Electricity in Solids
24-1 What Is Physics?
24-2 The Electrical Properties of Solids
24-3 Insulators
24-4 Metals
24-5 Semiconductors
24-6 The p-n Junction
24-7 The Junction Rectifier
24-8 The Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
24-9 The Transistor
Questions
Problems
Appendices
A The International System of Units (SI)
B Some Fundamental Constants of Physics
C Some Astronomical Data
D Conversion Factors
E Mathematical Formulas
F Properties of the Elements
G Periodic Table of the Elements
Answers 顯示部分信息
《基礎物理學》(第7版)引言 本書作為一本全麵深入的物理學入門教材,旨在為學生構建堅實的物理學知識體係,引領讀者領略微觀粒子到宏觀宇宙的壯麗圖景。它不僅僅是對經典物理學的陳述,更是一次對現代物理學前沿的初步探索,力求在概念的清晰度和數學的嚴謹性之間取得平衡,使讀者既能理解物理現象的本質,又能掌握分析和解決物理問題的工具。 核心內容概述: 本書內容涵蓋瞭經典力學、波動與光學、熱學、電磁學以及近代物理學等核心物理學分支。 經典力學: 從最基本的運動學概念入手,逐步深入到牛頓運動定律、功與能、動量與衝量、圓周運動、振動等內容。我們將探討各種力的性質,如引力、摩擦力、彈力等,並學習如何運用這些概念分析復雜的機械係統。對於剛體轉動、角動量守恒等概念也將進行詳細闡述,為理解更復雜的物理現象打下基礎。 波動與光學: 本部分將深入研究波的本質,包括機械波和電磁波的傳播特性。我們將學習波的疊加、乾涉和衍射等重要現象,並將其應用於解釋光的行為。幾何光學部分將介紹反射、摺射定律,透鏡和鏡子的成像原理,以及光學儀器的設計基礎。物理光學部分則會進一步探討光的乾涉、衍射、偏振等波動性質,為理解光的本質提供更深刻的視角。 熱學: 熱學部分將從溫度、熱量和內能等基本概念齣發,介紹熱力學定律,包括熱力學第一定律(能量守恒)和熱力學第二定律(熵增原理)。我們將探討氣體定律、相變、熱傳導、對流和輻射等熱現象,並分析各種熱力學循環在實際中的應用,例如內燃機和製冷技術。 電磁學: 電磁學是本書的另一核心部分,我們將從靜電學開始,學習電荷、電場、電勢的概念,以及高斯定律和電勢能的計算。隨後,我們將轉嚮穩恒電流,理解歐姆定律、基爾霍夫定律以及磁場的産生和相互作用,探討磁場對運動電荷和電流的作用力。最後,本書將引入電磁感應和電磁波,揭示電場和磁場之間的深刻聯係,以及電磁波的産生、傳播和應用。 近代物理學: 為瞭跟上物理學發展的步伐,本書的最後部分將觸及近代物理學的諸多重要領域。我們將簡要介紹相對論的基本原理,包括狹義相對論的時空觀和質量-能量關係。量子力學的部分將初步探討原子結構、光電效應、德布羅意波等概念,以及波粒二象性這一核心思想,為理解微觀世界的奇特性質奠定基礎。 本書特色: 清晰的概念講解: 本書力求用最直觀、最易懂的方式解釋復雜的物理概念,避免不必要的抽象和術語堆砌,讓初學者也能輕鬆入門。 豐富的例題與習題: 每一章節都配有精心設計的例題,逐步引導讀者掌握解題思路和技巧。大量的練習題涵蓋瞭從基本概念的理解到復雜問題的分析,幫助讀者鞏固所學知識,提升解題能力。 圖示與插圖: 大量高質量的插圖、圖錶和照片被用來形象地展示物理現象和實驗裝置,增強學習的趣味性和直觀性。 貫穿始終的物理思想: 在各個章節中,本書始終強調物理思想的形成過程,引導讀者思考物理定律的起源和意義,培養批判性思維和科學探究精神。 數學工具的應用: 雖然強調概念理解,本書也充分利用瞭微積分等數學工具來精確描述物理定律和解決問題。數學推導清晰,並輔以必要的解釋,確保讀者能夠理解其應用。 與現實世界的聯係: 本書在講解物理概念時,經常引用現實生活中的例子和現代科技的應用,展示物理學在日常生活和科學技術發展中的重要作用,激發學習興趣。 學習本書的建議: 學習物理學需要積極主動的態度。建議讀者在閱讀時,嘗試自己動手進行一些簡單的計算和推導,對課本中的插圖進行仔細觀察和分析,並積極完成章節後的練習題。遇到不理解的概念,不要急於跳過,可以迴顧前麵相關內容,或者與同學、老師進行討論。理解物理概念是基礎,熟練運用數學工具是關鍵,將理論知識與實際應用相結閤,纔能真正掌握物理學的精髓。 本書旨在成為您探索物理世界的第一本指南,希望它能點燃您對科學的好奇心,為您未來的學習和研究打下堅實的基礎。