編輯推薦
適讀人群 :本書可作為高等學校計算機科學與技術專業操作係統課程的教材,也可供其他專業學生參考。 ?Windows 8:詳細介紹瞭Windows 8內核的各種關鍵技術。
?Android操作係統:詳細介紹瞭Android移動平颱的限製和運行環境。
?嵌入式Linux:詳細介紹瞭嵌入式Linux的關鍵要素。
?虛擬機:新增瞭虛擬機操作係統設計問題的一章。
?多核設計問題:增加瞭關於操作係統設計問題的討論。
?I/O標準化:更新瞭相應的接口內容。
?存儲硬件:更新瞭存儲硬件部分,包含瞭固態硬盤驅動器。
?容錯:新增瞭介紹容錯機製的一節。
內容簡介
本書既是關於操作係統概念、結構和機製的教材,目的是盡可能清楚和全麵地展示現代操作係統的本質和特點;也是講解操作係統的經典教材,不僅係統地講述瞭操作係統的基本概念、原理和方法,而且以當代*流行的操作係統Windows 8、UNIX、Android、Linux為例,展現瞭當代操作係統的本質和特點。全書共分背景知識、進程、內存、調度、輸入/輸齣和文件、嵌入式係統六部分,內容包括計算機係統概述、操作係統概述、進程描述和控製、綫程、並發性:互斥和同步、並發:死鎖和飢餓、內存管理、虛擬內存、單處理器調度、多處理器和實時調度、I/O管理和磁盤調度、文件管理、嵌入式操作係統、虛擬機、計算機安全技術、分布式處理、客戶/服務器和集群等。此外,本書配套網站提供瞭及時、生動的材料。
作者簡介
William Stallings:美國聖母大學電子工程學士,麻省理工學院計算機科學博士,《密碼術》期刊編委。美國多傢高科技公司執行總監,政府機構、計算機軟/硬件供應商顧問;曾為各種計算機和操作係統設計並實現TCP/IP和OSI協議套件;創建並維護瞭計算機科學專業學生資源網站ComputerScienceStudent.com。齣版圖書17種,內容涉及計算機安全、計算機網絡和計算機係統結構等;在《IEEE進展》《ACM計算評論》和《密碼術》等雜誌上發錶文章多篇;先後12次獲美國年度*佳計算機科學教科書奬和學術作者協會奬。
目錄
Online Resources
VideoNotes
Preface
About the Author
Chapter 0 Guide for Readers and Instructors 1
0.1 Outline of this Book 2
0.2 Example Systems 2
0.3 A Roadmap for Readers and Instructors 3
0.4 Internet and Web Resources 4
Part 1 Background 7
Chapter 1 Computer System Overview 7
1.1 Basic Elements 8
1.2 Evolution of the Microprocessor 10
1.3 Instruction Execution 10
1.4 Interrupts 13
1.5 The Memory Hierarchy 24
1.6 Cache Memory 27
1.7 Direct Memory Access 31
1.8 Multiprocessor and Multicore Organization 32
1.9 Recommended Reading 36
1.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 36
1A Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memories 39
Chapter 2 Operating System Overview 46
2.1 Operating System Objectives and Functions 47
2.2 The Evolution of Operating Systems 52
2.3 Major Achievements 61
2.4 Developments Leading to Modern Operating Systems 70
2.5 Fault Tolerance 73
2.6 OS Design Considerations for Multiprocessor and Multicore 76
2.7 Microsoft Windows Overview 79
2.8 Traditional UNIX Systems 86
2.9 Modern UNIX Systems 89
2.10 Linux 91
2.11 Android 96
2.12 Recommended Reading and Animations 102
2.13 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 103
Part 2 Processes 105
Chapter 3 Process Description and Control 105
3.1 What Is a Process? 107
3.2 Process States 109
3.3 Process Description 124
3.4 Process Control 133
3.5 Execution of the Operating System 139
3.6 UNIX SVR4 Process Management 142
3.7 Summary 147
3.8 Recommended Reading and Animations 147
3.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 148
Chapter 4 Threads 152
4.1 Processes and Threads 153
4.2 Types of Threads 159
4.3 Multicore and Multithreading 166
4.4 Windows 8 Process and Thread Management 171
4.5 Solaris Thread and SMP Management 178
4.6 Linux Process and Thread Management 182
4.7 Android Process and Thread Management 186
4.8 Mac OS X Grand Central Dispatch 190
4.9 Summary 193
4.10 Recommended Reading 193
4.11 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 194
Chapter 5 Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization 199
5.1 Principles of Concurrency 202
5.2 Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support 210
5.3 Semaphores 214
5.4 Monitors 227
5.5 Message Passing 233
5.6 Readers/Writers Problem 240
5.7 Summary 244
5.8 Recommended Reading and Animations 245
5.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 246
Chapter 6 Concurrency: Deadlock and Starvation 259
6.1 Principles of Deadlock 260
6.2 Deadlock Prevention 269
6.3 Deadlock Avoidance 271
6.4 Deadlock Detection 277
6.5 An Integrated Deadlock Strategy 279
6.6 Dining Philosophers Problem 280
6.7 UNIX Concurrency Mechanisms 282
6.8 Linux Kernel Concurrency Mechanisms 286
6.9 Solaris Thread Synchronization Primitives 293
6.10 Windows 7 Concurrency Mechanisms 295
6.11 Android Interprocess Communication 299
6.12 Summary 300
6.13 Recommended Reading and Animations 301
6.14 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 302
Part 3 Memory 309
Chapter 7 Memory Management 309
7.1 Memory Management Requirements 310
7.2 Memory Partitioning 314
7.3 Paging 325
7.4 Segmentation 328
7.5 Summary 330
7.6 Recommended Reading and Animations 330
7.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 330
7A Loading and Linking 333
Chapter 8 Virtual Memory 340
8.1 Hardware and Control Structures 341
8.2 Operating System Software 358
8.3 UNIX and Solaris Memory Management 377
8.4 Linux Memory Management 383
8.5 Windows Memory Management 386
8.6 Android Memory Management 389
8.7 Summary 389
8.8 Recommended Reading and Animations 390
8.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 391
Part 4 Scheduling 397
Chapter 9 Uniprocessor Scheduling 397
9.1 Types of Processor Scheduling 398
9.2 Scheduling Algorithms 402
9.3 Traditional UNIX Scheduling 424
9.4 Summary 426
9.5 Recommended Reading and Animations 427
9.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 428
Chapter 10 Multiprocessor, Multicore, and Real-Time Scheduling 432
10.1 Multiprocessor and Multicore Scheduling 433
10.2 Real-Time Scheduling 446
10.3 Linux Scheduling 461
10.4 UNIX SVR4 Scheduling 465
10.5 UNIX FreeBSD Scheduling 466
10.6 Windows Scheduling 470
10.7 Summary 472
10.8 Recommended Reading 473
10.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 473
Part 5 Input/Output and Files 477
Chapter 11 I/O Management and Disk Scheduling 477
11.1 I/O Devices 478
11.2 Organization of the I/O Function 480
11.3 Operating System Design Issues 483
11.4 I/O Buffering 486
11.5 Disk Scheduling 489
11.6 RAID 496
11.7 Disk Cache 505
11.8 UNIX SVR4 I/O 509
11.9 Linux I/O 512
11.10 Windows I/O 515
11.11 Summary 517
11.12 Recommended Reading and Animations 518
11.13 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 519
Chapter 12 File Management 522
12.1 Overview 523
12.2 File Organization and Access 529
12.3 B-Trees 533
12.4 File Directories 536
12.5 File Sharing 541
12.6 Record Blocking 542
12.7 Secondary Storage Management 544
12.8 UNIX File Management 552
12.9 Linux Virtual File System 557
12.10 Windows File System 561
12.11 Android File Management 566
12.12 Summary 567
12.13 Recommended Reading 568
12.14 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 568
Part 6 Embedded Systems 571
Chapter 13 Embedded Operating Systems 571
13.1 Embedded Systems 572
13.2 Characteristics of Embedded Operating Systems 573
13.3 Embedded Linux 576
13.4 TinyOS 577
13.5 Recommended Reading 587
13.6 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 587
Chapter 14 Virtual Machines 590
14.1 Approaches to Virtualization 593
14.2 Processor Issues 596
14.3 Memory Management 598
14.4 I/O Management 600
14.5 VMware ESXi 602
14.6 Microsoft Hyper-V and Xen Variants 604
14.7 Java VM 606
14.8 Linux VServer Virtual Machine Architecture 606
14.9 Android Virtual Machine 609
14.10 Summary 611
14.11 Recommended Reading 612
14.12 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 613
Chapter 15 Operating System Security 614
15.1 Intruders and Malicious Software 615
15.2 Buffer Overflow 619
15.3 Access Control 627
15.4 UNIX Access Control 635
15.5 Operating Systems Hardening 638
15.6 Security Maintenance 642
15.7 Windows Security 643
15.8 Summary 648
15.9 Recommended Reading 649
15.10 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 649
Chapter 16 Distributed Processing, Client/Server, and Clusters 652
16.1 Client/Server Computing 653
16.2 Distributed Message Passing 664
16.3 Remote Procedure Calls 667
16.4 Clusters 671
16.5 Windows Cluster Server 676
16.6 Beowulf and Linux Clusters 678
16.7 Summary 680
16.8 Recommended Reading 681
16.9 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 682
Appendices
Appendix A Topics in Concurrency A-1
Appendix B Programming and Operating System Projects B-1
References 685
Credits 699
Online Chapters and Appendices1
Chapter 17 Network Protocols
17.1 The Need for a Protocol Architecture 17-4
17.2 The TCP/IP Protocol Architecture 17-9
17.3 Sockets 17-19
17.4 Linux Networking 17-26
17.5 Summary 17-29
17.6 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 17-30
17.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 17-31
17A The Trivial File Transfer Protocol 17-42
Chapter 18 Distributed Process Management
18.1 Process Migration 18-2
18.2 Distributed Global States 18-14
18.3 Distributed Mutual Exclusion 18-22
18.4 Distributed Deadlock 18-41
18.5 Summary 18-59
18.6 Recommended Reading 18-60
18.7 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 18-61
Chapter 19 Overview of Probability and Stochastic Processes
19.1 Probability 19-2
19.2 Random Variables 19-10
19.3 Elementary Concepts of Stochastic Processes 19-19
19.4 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 19-34
19.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 19-35
Chapter 20 Queueing Analysis
20.1 How Queues Behave―A Simple Example 20-3
20.2 Why Queuing Analysis? 20-8
20.3 Queueing Models 20-12
20.4 Single-Server Queues 20-24
20.5 Multiserver Queues 20-28
20.6 Examples 20-30
20.7 Queues with Priorities 20-38
20.8 Networks of Queues 20-40
20.9 Other Queueing Models 20-46
20.10 Estimating Model Parameters 20-48
20.11 Recommended Reading and Web Sites 20-53
20.12 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 20-54
Programming Project One Developing a Shell
Programming Project Two The HOST Dispatcher Shell
Appendix C Topics in Computer Organization C-1
Appendix D Object-Oriented Design D-1
Appendix E Amdahl’s Law E-1
Appendix F Hash Tables F-1
Appendix G Response Time G-1
Appendix H Queueing System Concepts H-1
Appendix I The Complexity of Algorithms I-1
Appendix J Disk Storage Devices J-1
Appendix K Cryptographic Algorithms K-1
Appendix L Standards Organizations L-1
Appendix M Sockets: A Programmer’s Introduction M-1
Appendix N The International Reference Alphabet N-1
Appendix O BACI: The Ben-Ari Concurrent Programming System O-1
Appendix P Procedure Control P-1
Appendix Q Ecos Q-1
Glossary
VideoNotes
Locations of VideoNotes
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/stallings
Chapter 5 Concurrency: Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization 199
5.1 Illustration of Mutual Exclusion 208
5.2 Hardware Support for Mutual Exclusion 212
5.3 A Definition of Semaphore Primitives 216
5.4 A Definition of Binary Semaphore Primitives 217
5.6 Mutual Exclusion Using Semaphores 219
5.9 An Incorrect Solution to the Infinite-Buffer Producer/Consumer Problem
Using Binary Semaphores 222
5.10 A Correct Solution to the Infinite-Buffer Producer/Consumer Problem
Using Binary Semaphores 224
5.11 A Solution to the Infinite-Buffer Producer/Consumer Problem
Using Semaphores 225
5.13 A Solution to the Bounded-Buffer Producer/Consumer Problem
Using Semaphores 226
5.14 Two Possible Implementations of Semaphores 227
5.16 A Solution to the Bounded-Buffer Producer/Consumer Problem
Using a Monitor 230
5.17 Bounded-Buffer Monitor Code for Mesa Monitor 232
5.20 Mutual Exclusion Using Messages 238
5.21 A Solution to the Bounded-Buffer Producer/Consumer Problem
Using Messages 239
5.22 A Solution to the Readers/Writers Problem Using Semaphores:
Readers Have Priority 241
5.23 A Solution to the Readers/Writers Problem Using Semaphores:
Writers Have Priority 243
5.24 A Solution to the Readers/Writers Problem Using Message Passing 244
5.25 An Application of Coroutines 248
Chapter 6 Concurrency: Deadlock and Starvation 259
6.9 Deadlock Avoidance Logic 276
6.12 A First Solution to the Dining Philosophers Problem 281
6.13 A Second Solution to the Dining Philosophers Problem 282
6.14 A Solution to the Dining Philosophers Problem Using a Monitor 283
6.18 Another Solution to the Dining Philosophers Problem Using a Monitor 307
Chapter 13 Embedded Operating Systems 571
13.6 Condition Variable Example Code 589
Chapter 18 Distributed Process Management
18.11 Token.Passing Algorithm (for Process Pi) 40
18.14 A Distributed Deadlock Detection Algorithm 50
Appednix A Topics in Concurrency A-1
A.1 Mutual Exclusion Attempts A-3
A.2 Dekker’s Algorithm A-6
A.3 Peterson’s Algorithm for Two Processes A-7
A.5 An Unfair Barbershop A-17
A.6 A Fair Barbershop A-20
前言/序言
Preface
Since the seventh edition of this book was published, the field has seen continued innovations and improvements. In this new edition, I try to capture these changes while maintaining a broad and comprehensive coverage of the entire field. To begin the process of revision, the seventh edition of this book was extensively reviewed by a number of professors who teach the subject and by professionals working in the field. The result is that, in many places, the narrative has been clarified and tightened, and illustrations have been improved.
Beyond these refinements to improve pedagogy and user friendliness, the technical content of the book has been updated throughout, to reflect the ongoing changes in this exciting field, and the instructor and student support has been expanded. The most noteworthy changes are as follows:
? Windows 8: Windows 8 is Microsoft’s latest OS offering for PCs, workstations, and servers, which includes a number of changes to the internal architecture.
The new edition provides details on Windows 8 internals in all of the key technology areas covered in this book, including process/thread management, scheduling, memory management, security, file systems, and I/O.
? Android operating system: Android is the fastest growing mobile platform. The real-world constraints and operating environment of mobile devices are quite different from traditional desktop or server computers. It is important for students to learn this new environment.
? Embedded Linux: The use of a minimal version of Linux for embedded systems has grown in popularity. This new edition provides an overview of the key elements of the embedded Linux approach.
? Virtual machines: Server virtualization and other forms of virtual machines are becoming increasingly widespread. A new chapter deals with the operating system design issues for virtual machines.
? Multicore design issues: The dominant computer architecture is now multicore. This raises new OS design issues that are addressed in this new edition.
? I/O standards: The book has been updated to reflect the latest developments, including Thunderbolt.
? Storage hardware: The discussion of storage hardware has been updated and now includes discussion of solid-state drives.
? Fault tolerance: The ACM/IEEE Computer Science Curricula 2013 lists fault tolerance as one of the core topics for an OS course. A new section provides an overview of fault tolerance. Objectives
This book is about the concepts, structure, and mechanisms of operating systems. Its purpose is to present, as clearly and completely as possible, the nature and characteristics of modern-day operating systems.
This task is challenging for several reasons. First, there is a tremendous range and variety of computer systems for which operating systems are designed. These include embedded systems, smart phones, single-user workstations and personal computers, medium-sized shared systems, large mainframe and supercomputers, and specialized machines such as real-time systems. The variety is not just in the capacity and speed of machines, but in applications and system support requirements.
Second, the rapid pace of change that has always characterized computer systems continues with no letup. A number of key areas in operating system design are of recent origin, and research into these and other new areas continues.
In spite of this variety and pace of change, certain fundamental concepts apply consistently throughout. To be sure, the application of these concepts depends on the current state of technology and the particular application requirements. The intent of this book is to provide a thorough discussion of the fundamentals of operating system design and to relate these to contemporary design issues and to current directions in the development of operating systems. Example Systems
This text is intended to acquaint the reader with the design principles and implementation issues of contemporary operating systems. Accordingly, a purely conceptual or theoretical treatment would be inadequate. To illustrate the concepts and
深入探索計算機係統的內在脈絡與設計哲學 本書旨在為讀者揭示現代計算機係統最核心的運作機製,它並非局限於某一特定操作係統的具體指令集或命令行操作,而是著眼於貫穿所有主流操作係統背後,驅動其得以高效、穩定運行的普適性原理和設計思想。通過對操作係統核心概念的深入剖析,本書將帶領讀者穿越抽象的錶象,直抵那支撐起數字世界的基石。 一、 進程管理:生命綫的 orchestrator 在計算機係統中,進程是程序執行的動態實例。本書將詳細闡述進程的生命周期,從創建、就緒、運行、阻塞到終止的每一個環節,都將被細緻描繪。我們將探討進程控製塊(PCB)這一關鍵數據結構,它是操作係統管理進程的“身份證”,記錄著進程的一切信息。 進程調度: 如何在有限的CPU資源上,公平且有效地分配給眾多競爭的進程?本書將深入研究各種調度算法,包括先來先得(FCFS)、短作業優先(SJF)、優先級調度、輪轉法(Round Robin)等,並分析它們的優缺點,以及在不同場景下的適用性。我們將瞭解如何平衡吞吐量、響應時間、周轉時間和等待時間這些衡量調度效率的關鍵指標。 進程同步與通信: 當多個進程需要協同工作,或者共享數據時,如何避免數據衝突和競態條件?本書將介紹信號量(Semaphores)、互斥鎖(Mutexes)、條件變量(Condition Variables)等經典同步機製,並探討死鎖(Deadlock)的産生條件、檢測與預防方法。同時,我們也將學習進程間通信(IPC)的各種形式,如管道(Pipes)、消息隊列(Message Queues)、共享內存(Shared Memory)等,它們是實現進程間信息交換和協調的有效手段。 二、 內存管理:無限空間的魔法師 內存是程序運行的直接載體,高效的內存管理直接關係到係統的性能和穩定性。本書將深入剖析內存管理的各個方麵。 地址重定位: 程序在編譯和加載時,其地址通常是邏輯地址,而實際運行時需要映射到物理地址。本書將講解如何進行地址重定位,以確保程序的正確執行。 內存分配策略: 內存空間是有限的,如何有效地分配和迴收內存給各個進程?我們將探討首次適應(First-Fit)、最佳適應(Best-Fit)、最壞適應(Worst-Fit)等連續內存分配算法,並分析它們可能帶來的內部碎片(Internal Fragmentation)和外部碎片(External Fragmentation)問題。 虛擬內存: 虛擬內存技術是現代操作係統的一大創舉,它允許程序使用比實際物理內存更大的地址空間。本書將詳細介紹頁式管理(Paging)和段式管理(Segmentation)等虛擬內存的實現方式,以及頁錶(Page Table)、段錶(Segment Table)等數據結構的作用。我們將深入理解頁麵置換算法(Page Replacement Algorithms),如最優頁麵置換算法(OPT)、先進先齣(FIFO)、最近最少使用(LRU)、時鍾算法(Clock Algorithm)等,它們是決定虛擬內存性能的關鍵。此外,工作集模型(Working Set Model)和缺頁中斷(Page Fault)處理機製也將得到詳盡的解析。 三、 文件係統:數據的永恒殿堂 文件係統是操作係統中管理持久化數據的重要組成部分,它為用戶和應用程序提供瞭組織、存儲、檢索和管理文件的機製。 文件結構與屬性: 本書將探討文件的邏輯結構(如普通文件、目錄文件、設備文件等)以及文件的物理存儲結構。我們將瞭解文件的基本屬性,如文件名、大小、創建時間、訪問權限等,以及它們在文件係統中是如何錶示和管理的。 目錄結構: 如何組織和管理海量的文件?本書將介紹各種目錄結構,如單層目錄、二級目錄、樹形目錄和無環圖目錄,並分析它們的優劣。 文件訪問方法: 順序訪問、直接訪問、索引順序訪問等不同的文件訪問方式將得到詳細講解,並分析它們對性能的影響。 文件係統的實現: 從磁盤塊的分配(如位圖法、鏈錶法)到文件係統的組織(如FAT、i-node),本書將深入淺齣地揭示文件係統在底層是如何工作的。我們將瞭解文件係統的掛載(Mounting)、卸載(Unmounting)過程,以及如何保證文件係統的一緻性和可靠性,包括日誌文件係統(Journaling File Systems)等現代技術。 四、 輸入/輸齣(I/O)管理:連接物理與虛擬的橋梁 I/O設備是計算機與外界交互的窗口,高效的I/O管理是提升係統整體性能的關鍵。 I/O硬件接口: 本書將介紹各種I/O設備的類型,以及它們與CPU和內存之間的通信方式,包括端口I/O、內存映射I/O和DMA(Direct Memory Access)等。 I/O軟件層次: 從用戶空間的應用程序到設備驅動程序,I/O軟件被組織成多個層次。我們將解析每個層次的功能,以及它們如何協同工作。 I/O設備驅動程序: 設備驅動程序是連接操作係統與具體硬件的橋梁。本書將探討驅動程序的設計原則和關鍵技術,包括中斷處理、緩衝(Buffering)和緩存(Caching)策略,以最大化I/O設備的吞吐量和最小化延遲。 磁盤調度: 磁盤作為重要的I/O設備,其訪問速度直接影響係統性能。本書將介紹各種磁盤調度算法,如FCFS、SSTF、SCAN、C-SCAN、LOOK、C-LOOK等,並分析它們在減少磁頭移動時間方麵的 hiệu quả。 五、 死鎖、安全性與保護:係統安全的堅實盾牌 在多任務、共享資源的操作係統環境中,死鎖、安全性和保護機製是確保係統正常運行和數據不被非法訪問的關鍵。 死鎖: 我們將深入探討死鎖産生的四個必要條件(互斥、占有並等待、非搶占、循環等待),並學習如何通過死鎖預防、死鎖避免、死鎖檢測與恢復等策略來應對死鎖問題。 安全性: 本書將引入安全性的概念,探討如何保護係統免受惡意軟件和非法訪問的侵害。我們將瞭解訪問控製矩陣(Access Control Matrix)、訪問控製列錶(ACL)和能力列錶(Capability Lists)等安全模型。 保護: 保護機製是實現安全性的具體手段。我們將學習如何通過域(Domains)、對象(Objects)和訪問權限(Rights)來限製進程對資源的訪問。 六、 分布式係統基礎:走嚮協同計算的未來 隨著計算能力的不斷提升和網絡技術的飛速發展,分布式係統已成為現代計算的重要形態。本書將為讀者勾勒分布式係統的基本輪廓。 分布式係統的概念與挑戰: 何為分布式係統?它又麵臨哪些獨特的挑戰,如並發性、故障容忍性、通信延遲等? 分布式進程通信: 在分布式環境中,進程之間的通信與單機係統有所不同。我們將探討遠程過程調用(RPC)、消息傳遞等分布式通信機製。 分布式文件係統: 如何在多颱機器上統一管理文件?本書將介紹分布式文件係統的設計思想和實現方法。 分布式共享內存: 模擬共享內存的機製,實現分布式環境下數據的透明訪問。 七、 操作係統設計哲學與現代趨勢 除瞭對核心概念的深入講解,本書還將引導讀者思考操作係統設計的底層哲學。 不同設計風格的權衡: 宏內核(Monolithic Kernels)與微內核(Microkernels)的優劣對比,以及它們的適用場景。 實時操作係統(RTOS): 針對特定時間約束的應用場景,實時操作係統的設計原則。 嵌入式操作係統: 資源受限的嵌入式環境對操作係統提齣的特殊要求。 現代操作係統的演進: 虛擬機(Virtualization)、容器化(Containerization)等新技術對操作係統設計的影響,以及未來操作係統的發展趨勢。 本書內容豐富,邏輯清晰,旨在為計算機科學與技術、軟件工程等專業的學生以及對操作係統感興趣的從業人員提供一套係統、深入的學習資源。通過對這些基本原理和設計思想的掌握,讀者將能夠更深刻地理解計算機係統的運作方式,並為設計、開發和優化更先進的軟件係統奠定堅實的基礎。