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许渊冲--诗译英法第yi人 ,北京大学教授,翻译家。希望这套许氏译本能使英语读者对中国经典诗文也能“知之,好之,乐之”,能够分享孔子、老子的智慧,分享唐诗、宋词、中国古典戏曲的优美,并以此促进东西文化的交流。值得珍藏。许渊冲先生从事翻译工作70年,2010年12月荣获“中国翻译文化终身成就奖”。他被称为将中国诗词译成英法韵文的唯yi专家,经他的妙手,许多中国经典诗文被译成出色的英文和法文韵语。这套“中国经典诗文集”就是由他所译,前半部分是英文,后半部分是中文。
Ancient Chinese classic poems are exquisite works of art. As far as 2,000 years ago, Chinese poets composed the beautiful work Book of Poetry and Elegies of the South, Later, they created more splendid Tang poetry and Song lyrics. Such classic works as Thus Spoke the Master and Laws: Divine and Human were extremely significant in building and shaping the culture of the Chinese nation. These works are both a cultural bond linking the thoughts and affections of Chinese people and an important bridge for Chinese culture and the world. Mr. Xu Yuanchong has been engaged in translation for 70 years. In December 2010, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation conferred by the Translators Association of China (TAC). He is honored as the only expert who translates Chinese poems into both English and French. After his excellent interpretation, many Chinese classic poems have been further refined into perfect English and French rhymes. This collection of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose gathers his most representative English translations. It includes the classic works Thus Spoke the Master, Laws: Divine and Human and dramas such as Romance of the Western Bower, Dream in Peony Pavilion, Love in Long-life Hall and Peach Blossom Painted with Blood. The largest part of the collection includes the translation of selected poems from different dynasties. The selection includes various types of poems, lyrics and Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty songs. The selected works start from the pre-Qin era to the Qing Dynasty, covering almost the entire history of classic poems in China. Reading these works is like tasting "living water from the source" of Chinese culture. We hope this collection will help English readers "know, love and appreciate" Chinese classic poems, share the intelligence of Confucius and Lao Tzu, share the gracefulness of Tang Dynasty poems, Song lyrics and classic operas and songs and promote exchanges between Eastern and Western culture. This book is one of the 14 books of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose, a translation of Confucian classics Thus Spoke the Master.
内页插图
目录
Preface
Yu Shinan
To the Cicada
To the Firefly
Kong Shao’an
Falling Leaves
Wang Ji
The Wineshop
A Field View
Han Shan
Long, Long the Pathway to Cold Hill
Shangguan Yi
Early Spring in Laurel Palace
Wang Bo
Farewell to Prefect Du
Prince Teng’s Pavilion
Yang Jiong
I would Rather Fight
Luo Binwang
The Cicada Heard in Prison
Wei Chengqing
Parting with my Younger Brother
Song Zhiwen
Crossing River Han
Shen Quanqi
The Garrison at Yellow Dragon Town
He Zhizhang
The Willow
Home-coming
Chen Zi’ang
On the Tower at Youzhou
Parting Gift
序
虞世南
蝉
咏萤
孔绍安
落叶
王绩
过酒家
野望
寒山
杳杳寒山道
上官仪
早春桂林殿应诏
王勃
送杜少府之任蜀州
滕王阁诗
杨炯
从军行
骆宾王
在狱咏蝉
韦承庆
南行别弟
宋之问
渡汉江
沈佺期
杂诗
贺知章
咏柳
回乡偶书二首
陈子昂
登幽州台歌
送东莱王学士无竞
Contents
目 录
Preface
Zheng Wenbao
Willow Branch Song
Wang Yucheng
Rouged Lips
Kou Zhun
Treading on Grass
Pan Lang
Fountain of Wine(West Lake)
Fountain of Wine(Tidal bore)
Lin Bu
Everlasting Longing
Liu Yong
Joy of Day and Night
Bells Ringing in the Rain
The Moon in Autumn Night
Phoenix Perching on Plane Tree
Wandering While Young (Slow goes)
Wandering While Young (High and low)
Imperial Capital Recalled
Fan Zhongyan
Waterbag Dance
Pride of Fishermen
Song of the Royal Street
Calming Wind and Waves
Zhang Xian
Buddhist Dancers (Missing my lord)
Buddhist Dancers (So soon)
Buddhist Dancers (The zither)
Willows on Southern Shore
Song of Water Clock
Telling Innermost Feeling
Song of the Immortal
Magnolia Flower
Yan Shu
Treading on Grass(The mist-veiled grass)
Treading on Grass(The farewell song)
Silk-washing Stream(A song)
Silk-washing Stream(By double-curtained bower)
Silk-washing Stream(What can)
Butterflies in Love withFlowers
Pure Serene Music...
前 言
郑文宝
柳枝词(亭亭画舸)
王禹偁
点绛唇(雨恨云愁)
寇准
踏莎行(春色将阑)
潘阆
酒泉子(长忆西湖)
酒泉子(长忆观潮)
林逋
长相思(吴山青)
柳永
昼夜乐(洞房记得)
雨霖铃(寒蝉凄切)
秋夜月(当初聚散)
凤栖梧(伫倚危楼)
少年游(长安古道)
少年游(参差烟柳)
忆帝京(薄衾小枕)
范仲淹
苏幕遮(碧云天)
渔家傲(塞下秋来)
御街行(纷纷坠叶)
定风波(罗绮满城)
张先
菩萨蛮(忆郎还上)
菩萨蛮(玉人又是)
菩萨蛮(哀筝一弄)
江南柳(隋堤远)
更漏子(锦筵红)
诉衷情(花前月下)
天仙子(水调数声)
木兰花(相离徒有)
晏殊
踏莎行(细草愁烟)
踏莎行(祖席离歌)
浣溪沙(一曲新词)
浣溪沙(小阁重帘)
浣溪沙(一向年光)
蝶恋花(槛菊愁烟)
清平乐(红笺小字)...
Preface
Lyrics from Dunhuang Phoenix’s Return into the Cloud
Li Bai
Dai Shulun
Liu Changqing
Zhang Zhihe
Liu Yuxi
Bai Juyi
Wen Tingyun
Huangfu Song
Wei Zhuang
Li Ye
Ouyang Jiong
He Ning
序
敦煌曲子词
李白
戴叔伦
刘长卿
张志和
刘禹锡
白居易
温庭筠
皇甫松
韦庄
李晔
欧阳炯
和凝
......
Contents
目 录
Preface
Yuan Haowen
Man And Moon
(I)
(II)
Minor Sacred Music
(I)
(II)
Yang Guo
Red Peach Blossoms
(I)
(II)
Liu Bingzhong
Dried Lotus Leaves
(I)
序
元好问
人月圆:卜居外家东园
(一)
(二)
小圣乐:骤雨打新荷
(一)
(二)
杨果
小桃红:采莲女
(一)
(二)
刘秉忠
干荷叶
(一)
(II)
(III)
Du Renjie
Playing the Child (I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
(V)
(VI)
(VII)
(VIII)
Wang Heqing
A Drinker’s Sky
Half and Half (I)
(II)
(III)
He Xicun
Red Peach Blossoms (I)
(II)
(III)
Shang Ting
Song of Princess Pan
(二)
(三)
杜仁杰
耍孩儿(一)
(二)
(三)
(四)
(五)
(六)
(七)
(八)
王和卿
醉中天
一半儿:题情(一)
(二)
(三)
盍西村
小桃红:江岸水灯
小桃红:客船晚烟
小桃红:杂咏
商挺
潘妃曲
精彩书摘
TUNE: TELLING INNERMOST FEELING
Before flowers, beneath the moon, shortly we met
Only to part with bitter regret.
What’s more, I wake from wine and dreams
To find fallen flowers and dim moonbeams.
Flowers will bloom again;
The moon will wax and wane.
Would our hearts be the same?
I’d turn the flame
Of my heart, string on string,
Into willow twigs to retain
The breeze of spring.
诉衷情
花前月下暂相逢,苦恨阻从容。
何况酒醒梦断,花谢月朦胧?
花不尽,月无穷,两心同。
此时愿作,杨柳千丝,绊惹春风。
TUNE: SONG OF THE IMMORTAL
Wine cup in hand, I listen to Water Melody;
Awake from wine at noon, but not from melancholy.
When will spring come back now it is going away?
In the mirror, alas!
I see happy time pass.
In vain may I recall the old days gone for aye.
Night falls on poolside sand where pairs of lovebirds stay;
The moon breaks through the clouds, with shadows flowers play.
Lamplights veiled by screen on screen can’t be seen.
The fickle wind still blows;
The night so silent grows.
Tomorrow fallen reds should cover the pathway.
天仙子
水调数声持酒听,午醉醒来愁未醒。
送春春去几时回?
临晚镜,伤流景,往事后期空记省。
沙上并禽池上暝,云破月来花弄影。
重重帘幕密遮灯。
风不定,人初静,明日落红应满径。
TUNE: MAGNOLIA FLOWER
FAREWELL TO SUN GONGSU AT ANLU
When we parted, the dream of meeting’s left in vain;
Outdoors but clouds of dust raised by your horse remain.
I will not listen to songs of regret till drunk.
How can I gaze afar,
O when the sun is sunk!
With whom will you enjoy the moon in breeze tonight?
The phoenix on my pipa sobs at music light.
There’s nothing to compare with love under the sky;
The river’s not so deep; the mountain not so high.
木兰花
和孙公素别安陆
相离徒有相逢梦,门外马蹄尘已动。
怨歌留待醉时听,远目不堪空际送。
今宵风月知谁共?声咽琵琶槽上凤。
人生无物比多情,江水不深山不重。
Du Xunhe
A WIDOW LIVING IN THE MOUNTAINS
Her husband killed in war, she lives in a thatched hut,
Wearing coarse hemper clothes and a flaxen hair.
She should pay taxes though down mulberries were cut,
And before harvest though fields and gardens lie bare.
She has to eat wild herbs together with their root,
And burn as fuel leafy branches from the trees.
However deep she hides in mountains as a brute,
From oppressive taxes she can never be free.
杜荀鹤
山中寡妇
夫因兵死守蓬茅,麻苎衣衫鬓发焦。
桑柘废来犹纳税,田园荒后尚征苗。
时挑野菜和根煮,旋斫生柴带叶烧。
任是深山更深处,也应无计避征徭。
Huang Chao
TO THE CHRYSANTHEMUM
In soughing western wind you blossom far and nigh;
Your fragrance is too cold to invite butterfly.
Some day if I as Lord of Spring come into power,
I’d order you to bloom together with peach flower.
THE CHRYSANTHEMUM
When autumn comes, the mountain-climbing day is nigh;
My flower blows when other blooms come to an end.
In battle array my fragrance rises sky-high;
The capital with my golden armour will blend.
黄巢
题菊花
飒飒西风满院栽,蕊寒香冷蝶难来。
他年我若为青帝,报与桃花一处开。
菊花
待到秋来九月八,我花开后百花杀。
冲天香阵透长安,满城尽带黄金甲。
Wang Jia
A SPRING FEAST
The paddy crops wax rich at the foot of Goose-lake Hill;
Door half closed, pigs in sty and fowls in cage are still.
The shade of mulberries lengthens, the feast is o’er,
All drunken villagers are helped back to their door.
AFTER THE RAIN
Before the rain I still see blooming flowers;
Only green leaves are left after the showers.
Over the wall pass butterflies and bees;
I wonder if spring’s in my neighbor’s trees.
王驾
社日
鹅湖山下稻粱肥,豚栅鸡栖半掩扉。
桑柘影斜春社散,家家扶得醉人归。
王驾
雨晴
雨前初见花间蕊,雨后全无叶底花。
蜂蝶纷纷过墙去,却疑春色在邻家。
Zhang Zhihe
Tune: A Fisherman’s Song
In front of western hills white egrets fly up and down,
In peach-mirrored stream mandarin fish are full grown.
In my blue bamboo hat
And green straw cloak, I’d fain
Go fishing careless of slanting wind and fine rain.
Note
Zhang Zhihe (730–782) served in the court as a petty official and then retired to the riverside and lived in seclusion. This poem describing the happiness of a fisherman was wide spread and soon reached Japan. Even the Japanese Emperor (reigned 804–823) wrote five lyrics following the rhyme of his poem.
张志和
渔父
西塞山前白鹭飞,
桃花流水鳜鱼肥。
青箬笠,绿蓑衣,
斜风细雨不须归。
Liu Yuxi
Tune: Dreaming of the Southern
Shore
Gone on the wing,
Farewell to lovers of spring!
The willow sways their leaves;
Fair maiden waves her sleeves.
Sweet orchid wet with dew sheds tears to bid adieu.
Sitting alone, could she not frown?
Note
Liu Yuxi (772–842) was well known for his popular songs which depict the life and love of the common people. This song displays a happy combination of natural scenery and inner feeling of the persona.
刘禹锡
梦江南
春去也,
多谢洛城人。
弱柳从风疑举袂,
丛兰裛露似沾巾。
独坐亦含。
Guan Hanqing
TUNE: SONG OF WHITE CRANE
Incense in golden censer burned,
I stand in red bower unconcerned.
The moon atop the willow tree,
At dusk my lover trysts with me.
TUNE: FOUR PIECES OF JADE
PARTING GRIEF
Since you are gone,
For you I long.
When will my yearning come to end?
I lean on rails, caressed by snow-like willow down.
The stream you went along
At hillside takes a bend.
It’s screened from view
Together with you.
TUNE: FOUR PIECES OF JADE
LIFE OF EASY LEISURE
(I)
Halt running horse and bind
Ape-like whimsical mind!
Leap out of a world which raves with dust and waves!
Wake up from noonday dream of glory vain!
Get rid of fame and gain!
Take a rest in your nest of pleasure
And enjoy your leisure!
(II)
Having tilled the southern field, I
At the foot of eastern hill lie.
I’ve known the world and its ways,
And ponder at leisure the past days.
O wise is he
And foolish me!
What should I contend to be?
关汉卿
白鹤子
香焚金鸭鼎,闲傍小红楼。
月在柳梢头,人约黄昏后。
四块玉
别情
自送别,心难舍,一点相思几时绝?
凭阑袖拂梅花雪。
溪又斜,山又遮,人去也。
四块玉
闲适
(一)
意马收,心猿锁,跳出红尘恶风波。
淮阴午梦谁惊破?
离了利名场,钻入安乐窝,闲快活。
(二)
南亩耕,东山卧,世态人情经历多。
闲将往事思量过,
贤的是他,愚的是我,争甚么?
……
前言/序言
Preface
It is said that the 21st century will be an age of globalization. The new generation worthy of the new age should be bred not only in its national culture but also in the global culture. Therefore, each nation should try to globalize its culture, in other words, to make its culture known to the world and become a part of the global culture so as to make it more brilliant.
If the 20th century may be said to be an American age, then the 19th was a British age and the 18th a French one. If we go further back, we may say that the 7th–13th centuries were Chinese ages, for during the Tang and the Song dynasties (618– 1279), China was the most advanced country in the world, so far as political system, economic development and artistic and literary culture are concerned.
How did the Tang and the Song attain the highest development in the world during six hundred years? The answer may be summed up in two words, that is, the reign of “rite and music.” According to professon Y. L. Feng, music imitates the harmony of nature and rite imitates the order of the universe. Rite is instituted to secure the mean in man’s desire, and music, including poetry, to secure the mean in man’s sentiment. Music is benevolence concretized and rite is justice externalized. If a state is governed with rite and music, its people will be just and benevolent, and the world will be peaceful and happy. That is one of the reasons why China has been standing among the great nations for thousands of years.
Emperor Xuan Zong (685–762) who reigned at the zenith of the Tang Dynasty enjoyed the highest economic and cultural prosperity when his government promoted the performance of rite and music. This may be seen from the first two verses he wrote when he offered sacrifice to Confucius in his temple:
How much have you done, O, my sage,
All for the good of all the age!
This shows how much he worshipped Confucius and admired his wisdom. He followed Confucius in imitation of the order of the universe and provided conditions to make the performance of rite and music possible.
Hence, Tang poetry has become a gem of traditional Chinese literature, As early as 1898, Herbert A Giles published his rhymed translations of Tang poems, of which Lytton Stratchey said, “the poetry is it is the best that this generation has known,” and that it “holds a unique place in the literature of the world” “through its mastery of the tones and depths of affection.” Later, Arthur Waley said in his translations from the Chinese, “If one uses thyme, it is impossible not to sacrifice sense to sound,” and he translated Tang poems into free verse. Thus began the controversy between rhymed version and free version in the translation of Chinese poetry. Generally speaking, the free translation emphasizes faithfulness to the original while the rhymed version, the beauty of the translated verse. Therefore, the controversy between these two types of translation may be said to be contradiction or conflict between faithfulness or truth and beauty. This controversy has lasted for a century. For instance, we may read the following versions of Li Bai’s Farewell to a Friend. The first version is a word for word transliteration, the second is more faithful to the original in word while the third is more beautiful and poetical than the second.
序
21世纪是全球化的世纪。新世纪的新人不但应该了解全球的文化,而且应该使本国文化走向世界,成为全球文化的一部分,使世界文化更加灿烂辉煌。如果说20世纪是美国世纪的话,那么,19世纪可以说是英国世纪,18世纪则是法国世纪。再推上去,自7世纪至13世纪,则可以说是中国世纪或唐宋世纪,因为中国在唐宋六百年间,政治制度先进,经济繁荣,文化发达,是全世界其他国家难以企及的。
唐代的全盛时期可以说是“礼乐”治国的盛世。根据冯友兰先生的解释,“礼”模仿自然外在的秩序,“乐”模仿自然内在的和谐;“礼”可以养性,“乐”可以怡情;“礼”是“义”的外化,“乐”是“仁”的外化;做人要重“仁义”,治国要重“礼乐”。这是中国屹立于文明世界几千年不衰的重要原因。就以唐玄宗而论,他去泰山时祭奠了孔子,写下了《经鲁祭孔子而叹之》的五言律诗,可见他对礼教的尊重,对士人的推崇。
因此,唐代文化昌盛,诗人辈出,唐诗成了中国文化的瑰宝。不但是在中国,就是在全世界,正如诺贝尔文学奖评奖委员会主席埃斯普马克说的:“世界上哪些作品能与中国的唐诗和《红楼梦》相比的呢?”(《诺贝尔文学奖内幕》306页)
早在19世纪末期,英国汉学家翟理斯(Giles)曾把唐诗译成韵文,得到评论家的好评,如英国作家斯特莱彻(Strachey)说:翟译唐诗是那个时代最好的诗,在世界文学史上占有独一无二的地位。但20世纪初期英国汉学家韦利(Waley)认为译诗用韵不可能不因声损义,因此他把唐诗译成自由诗或散体,这就开始了唐诗翻译史上的诗体与散体之争。一般说来,散体译文重真,诗体译文重美,所以散体与诗体之争也可以升华为真与美的矛盾。
唐诗英译真与美之争一直延续到了今天。例如李白的《送友人》就有两种不同的译法,现将原诗和两种译文抄录于下:
Preface
Life is the gift of nature, but beautiful living is the gift of wisdom.
—Greek Adage
The ultimate good is beauty, and the ultimate joy lies in the creation or cherishing of the beautiful.
—Schopenhauer
If the ultimate joy lies in the creation or cherishing of the beautiful, then ancient Chinese poets may be said to have enjoyed to the full both beauty and joy in their life, for two thousand years ago they created the beautiful Book of Songs and Elegies of the South, and one thousand years ago they created the more beautiful Tang poetry and Song lyrics. Of all these the last may be said to be the most beautiful, for Song lyrics can express more refined, more delicate, more subtle feelings than Tang poetry.
The lyrics were originally songs written to a certain tune, so they may also be called tuned poetry or ci-poems. In the beginning the title of the tune and the theme of the lyric were closely related, for example, one of the earliest lyrics written to the tune of Magpie on the Branch reads as follows:
How can I bear to hear the chattering magpie
Announce the happy news on which I can’t rely?
So thus I catch it alive when it flies to me again
And shut it in a cage where lonely’t will remain.
This is the first stanza of a lyric written by an anonymous author of the Tang Dynasty(618–907), of which we find the theme and the tune title are one: the magpie on a branch. By and by many lyrics were written to this tune and their themes became less and less related to the tune title. For instance, Feng Yansi (903–960) wrote many lyrics to this tune, one stanza of which reads as follows:
Who says my grief has been appeased for long?
Whenever comes spring,
I hear it sing
Its melancholy song.
I’m drunk and sick before the flowers from day to day,
And do not care my mirrored face is worn away. Here we see the lyricist describes his grief in spring which is not related with the magpie on the branch. When it came to the Song Dynasty(960–1279), the theme of the lyric might have nothing to do with the tune title, except those lyrics of which the tune was composed by the lyricist himself.
Poetry is, said Dr. Johnson, “the art of uniting pleasure with truth by calling imagination to the help of reason.” How to unite pleasure with truth? As the Song Empire was the most prosperous and civilized country in the world one thousand years ago, we may find a truthful picture of the Song people’s enjoyment in the following stanza written by Yan Jidao (1030–1106):
Time and again with rainbow sleeves you tried to fill
My cup with wine that, drunk, I kept on drinking still.
You danced and danced till the moon bung low over willow trees;
You sang and sang till’ mid peach blossoms blushed the breeze. Here we see how a Song poet found enjoyment in wine, woman and song.
How to call “imagination to the help of reason”? We may read the following couplet by Xin Qiji (1140–1207):
One night’s east wind adorns a thousand trees with flowers
And blows down stars in showers.
This is a description of the Lantern Festival, the 15th day of the first lunar month, in which the lanterns are compared to flowers blown open by the east wind or to stars blown down in showers to vie in brightness with the full moon. Here we see how imagination is called “to the help of reason.”
序
为了更好,没有什么
清规戒律不可打破。
——贝多芬
美是最高的善;
创造美是最高的乐趣。
——叔本华
如果说“创造美是最高的乐趣”,那么,古代的中国诗人可以算是享受过美好人生的了。因为早在两千多年以前,中国就创造了美丽的《诗经》和《楚辞》;以后,中国又创造了更美丽的唐诗和宋词。而在四者之中,最美丽的要算后来居上的宋词。因为宋词所表达的思想感情,有时似乎比唐诗还更深刻,更细致,更微妙。