人格的動力理論 [A Dynamic Theory of Personality] 下載 mobi epub pdf 電子書 2024

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　　“新聞學與傳播學經典叢書·英文原版係列”，選取瞭在新聞學與傳播學曆史上具有裏程碑意義的大師經典名作。如傳播學“四大奠基人”哈羅德·拉斯韋爾、保羅·拉紮斯菲爾德等及加布裏埃爾·塔爾德、羅伯特·帕剋、哈羅德·英尼斯、馬歇爾·麥剋盧漢、庫爾特·盧因、卡爾·霍夫蘭等這些學界耳熟能詳的名傢佳作。這些是傳播學與新聞學的奠基之作，也是現代新聞學與傳播學發展的基礎。許多名作都多次再版，影響深遠，曆久不衰，成為新聞學與傳播學的經典。此套叢書采用英文原版齣版，使讀者讀到原汁原味的著作。
　　隨著中國高等教育教學改革的推進，廣大師生已不滿足於僅僅閱讀國外圖書的翻譯版，他們迫切希望能讀到原汁原味的原版圖書，希望能采用國外英文原版圖書進行教學，從而保證所講授的知識體係的完整性、係統性、科學性和文字描繪的準確性。此套叢書的齣版便是滿足瞭這種需求。亦可使學生在專業技術方麵盡快掌握本學科相應的外語詞匯和瞭解先進國傢的學術發展的方嚮。
　　本係列叢書在原汁原味地引進英文原版圖書的同時，將目錄譯為中文，作為對原版的一種導讀，供讀者閱讀時參考。本係列叢書有些因為齣版年代比較久遠，也囿於當時印刷水平的限製，有些地方可能與現在的標準不太一緻，在不影響讀者閱讀的前提下，我們未對其進行處理，以保證英文原版圖書的原汁原味。

目錄

序
譯者序
第一章 當代心理學中，亞裏士多德與伽利略式思考方式之衝突
第二章 靈魂的結構
第三章 兒童行為與發展中的環境力
第四章 奬勵與懲罰的心理環境
第五章 現實的教育
第六章 替代行為和替代價值
第七章 低能兒的動力理論
第八章 實驗研究的調查
人名索引
主題索引

精彩書摘

　　《人格的動力理論》：
　　Intrinsic Diffculties and Unlaufulness.
　　The wholc difference betwccn the Aristotclian and Galileian modcs of thought becomes clear as soon as onc sees what consccluenccs, for a strict Galileian view of the concept of law, follow from this closc and fixed connection of the instinct to the individual "in itself." In that case the instinct （c.g., the matcrnal） must operate continually without interruption; just as the explanation of negativism by the "nature" of the three-year-old child entails for Galilcian concepts the consequence that all three-year-old children must bc negative the whole day long, twenty-four hours out of t.hc twcnty-four.
　　The general Aristotclian set of psychology is able to dodge these conscquenccs. It is satisfied, even for proof of the existcncc of the vectors which should explain the bchavior, to depend upon the conccpt of regularity. In this way it avoids thc nccessity of supposing the vcctor to be existent in every situation, On the basis of the strict concept of law it is possible to disprovc thec hypothesis, for example, of the cxistcncc of a certain instinct by demonstrating its nonexistence in given concrctc cascs. Aristotclian conccpts do not have to fear such disproofs,inasmuch as they can answcr all rcfcrcnccs to concrete particular cascs by falling back on mcrc statistical validity.
　　Of course thcsc conccpts arc thcrcby also unablc to explain the occurrence of a particular case, and by this is meant not the behavior of an abstractly defined "averagc child," but, for example, the bchavior of a certain child at a certain moment.
　　The Aristotclian bent of psychological dynamics thus not only implies a limitation of explanation to such cases as occur frequcntly enough to provide a basis for abstracting from the situation, but leaves literally any possibility open in any particular case, even of frequent events.
　　……

前言/序言

　　The present book is a collection of originally independent articles which were written at different times and for quite different occasions. Hence， the reader will find some of the fundamental ideas recurring throughout the book. The selection has been made in order to give a picture of the fields thus far studied， the psychology of the person abd of the environment， and at the same time to indicate their connections with the various applied fields， especially child psychology， pedagogy， psychopathology， charactcrology， and social psychology.
　　Only a few years ago one could observe， at least among German psychologists， a quite pessimistic mood. After the initial successes of experimental psychology in its early stages， it seemed to become clearer and clearer that it would remain impossible for experimental method to press on beyond the psychology of perception and memory to such vital problems as those with which psychoanalysis was concerned. Weighty "philosophical" and "methodological" considerations seemed to make such an undertaking a priori impossible. The first positive experiments in this direction seemed only to confirm the belief that the experimental psychology of（will， emotion， and character was condemned to rest content with surface facts and to leave all deeper problems to schools and speculation， incapable of experimental test.
　　Working in this field I felt that I had begun a task methodologically and technically sound and necessary， the broader elaboration of which could not be expected for decades. Neverthelcss it soon became clear that though these problems are difiicult， they are by no means impossible to solve. One had only to clear out a number of hoary philosophical prejudices and to set his scientific goal high enough to arrive at explanation and prediction. Today it can no longer be doubted that the questions set， for example， by psychoana.lysis are readily accessible to experimental clarification if only appropriate metbods and concepts are employed.
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