人格的动力理论 [A Dynamic Theory of Personality] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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　　“新闻学与传播学经典丛书·英文原版系列”，选取了在新闻学与传播学历史上具有里程碑意义的大师经典名作。如传播学“四大奠基人”哈罗德·拉斯韦尔、保罗·拉扎斯菲尔德等及加布里埃尔·塔尔德、罗伯特·帕克、哈罗德·英尼斯、马歇尔·麦克卢汉、库尔特·卢因、卡尔·霍夫兰等这些学界耳熟能详的名家佳作。这些是传播学与新闻学的奠基之作，也是现代新闻学与传播学发展的基础。许多名作都多次再版，影响深远，历久不衰，成为新闻学与传播学的经典。此套丛书采用英文原版出版，使读者读到原汁原味的著作。
　　随着中国高等教育教学改革的推进，广大师生已不满足于仅仅阅读国外图书的翻译版，他们迫切希望能读到原汁原味的原版图书，希望能采用国外英文原版图书进行教学，从而保证所讲授的知识体系的完整性、系统性、科学性和文字描绘的准确性。此套丛书的出版便是满足了这种需求。亦可使学生在专业技术方面尽快掌握本学科相应的外语词汇和了解先进国家的学术发展的方向。
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目录

序
译者序
第一章 当代心理学中，亚里士多德与伽利略式思考方式之冲突
第二章 灵魂的结构
第三章 儿童行为与发展中的环境力
第四章 奖励与惩罚的心理环境
第五章 现实的教育
第六章 替代行为和替代价值
第七章 低能儿的动力理论
第八章 实验研究的调查
人名索引
主题索引

精彩书摘

　　《人格的动力理论》：
　　Intrinsic Diffculties and Unlaufulness.
　　The wholc difference betwccn the Aristotclian and Galileian modcs of thought becomes clear as soon as onc sees what consccluenccs, for a strict Galileian view of the concept of law, follow from this closc and fixed connection of the instinct to the individual "in itself." In that case the instinct （c.g., the matcrnal） must operate continually without interruption; just as the explanation of negativism by the "nature" of the three-year-old child entails for Galilcian concepts the consequence that all three-year-old children must bc negative the whole day long, twenty-four hours out of t.hc twcnty-four.
　　The general Aristotclian set of psychology is able to dodge these conscquenccs. It is satisfied, even for proof of the existcncc of the vectors which should explain the bchavior, to depend upon the conccpt of regularity. In this way it avoids thc nccessity of supposing the vcctor to be existent in every situation, On the basis of the strict concept of law it is possible to disprovc thec hypothesis, for example, of the cxistcncc of a certain instinct by demonstrating its nonexistence in given concrctc cascs. Aristotclian conccpts do not have to fear such disproofs,inasmuch as they can answcr all rcfcrcnccs to concrete particular cascs by falling back on mcrc statistical validity.
　　Of course thcsc conccpts arc thcrcby also unablc to explain the occurrence of a particular case, and by this is meant not the behavior of an abstractly defined "averagc child," but, for example, the bchavior of a certain child at a certain moment.
　　The Aristotclian bent of psychological dynamics thus not only implies a limitation of explanation to such cases as occur frequcntly enough to provide a basis for abstracting from the situation, but leaves literally any possibility open in any particular case, even of frequent events.
　　……

前言/序言

　　The present book is a collection of originally independent articles which were written at different times and for quite different occasions. Hence， the reader will find some of the fundamental ideas recurring throughout the book. The selection has been made in order to give a picture of the fields thus far studied， the psychology of the person abd of the environment， and at the same time to indicate their connections with the various applied fields， especially child psychology， pedagogy， psychopathology， charactcrology， and social psychology.
　　Only a few years ago one could observe， at least among German psychologists， a quite pessimistic mood. After the initial successes of experimental psychology in its early stages， it seemed to become clearer and clearer that it would remain impossible for experimental method to press on beyond the psychology of perception and memory to such vital problems as those with which psychoanalysis was concerned. Weighty "philosophical" and "methodological" considerations seemed to make such an undertaking a priori impossible. The first positive experiments in this direction seemed only to confirm the belief that the experimental psychology of（will， emotion， and character was condemned to rest content with surface facts and to leave all deeper problems to schools and speculation， incapable of experimental test.
　　Working in this field I felt that I had begun a task methodologically and technically sound and necessary， the broader elaboration of which could not be expected for decades. Neverthelcss it soon became clear that though these problems are difiicult， they are by no means impossible to solve. One had only to clear out a number of hoary philosophical prejudices and to set his scientific goal high enough to arrive at explanation and prediction. Today it can no longer be doubted that the questions set， for example， by psychoana.lysis are readily accessible to experimental clarification if only appropriate metbods and concepts are employed.
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