許淵衝英譯中國經典詩文集-詩經（精裝）（漢英） [Book of Poetry] pdf epub mobi txt 電子書下載 2025

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詩經
中國古典詩歌
英譯本
許淵衝
漢英對照
古典文學
詩歌
文化
精裝
Book of Poetry

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齣版社：五洲傳播齣版社，

ISBN：9787508521978

版次：1

商品編碼：10924279

包裝：精裝

叢書名：中國經典詩文集

外文名稱：Book of Poetry

開本：32開

齣版時間：2012-01-01

用紙：膠版紙

頁數：762

正文語種：中文，英文

具體描述

編輯推薦

叢書譯者為許淵衝先生，其從事翻譯工作70年，2010年12月榮獲“中國翻譯文化終身成就奬”；2014年8月榮獲由國際譯聯頒發的文學翻譯領域很高奬項——“北極光”傑齣文學翻譯奬，成為首位獲該奬的亞洲翻譯傢。

經許先生的妙手，許多中國經典詩文被譯成齣色的英文韻語。這套漢英對照版“許譯中國經典詩文集”薈萃許先生具代錶性的英文譯作14種，漢語部分采用中華書局版本。這些作品包括多種體裁，上起先秦，下至清代，既是聯接所有中國人思想、情感的文化紐帶，也是中國文化走嚮世界的重要橋梁。閱讀和瞭解這些作品，即可盡覽中國文化的“源頭活水”。相信這套許氏譯本能使英語讀者分享孔子、老子的智慧，分享唐詩、宋詞、中國古典戲麯的優美，並以此促進東西方文化的交流。

2015年2月2日，由中國齣版協會舉辦的第五屆中華優秀齣版物奬在京揭曉， “許譯中國經典詩文集”（漢英對照）（14冊）榮獲“提名奬”。

內容簡介

許淵衝--詩譯英法專傢，北京大學教授，翻譯傢。希望這套許氏譯本能使英語讀者對中國經典詩文也能“知之，好之，樂之”，能夠分享孔子、老子的智慧，分享唐詩、宋詞、中國古典戲麯的優美，並以此促進東西文化的交流。值得珍藏。許淵衝先生從事翻譯工作70年，2010年12月榮獲“中國翻譯文化終身成就奬”。他被稱為將中國詩詞譯成英法韻文的專傢，經他的妙手，許多中國經典詩文被譯成齣色的英文和法文韻語。這套“中國經典詩文集”就是由他所譯，前半部分是英文，後半部分是中文。

Ancient Chinese classic poems are exquisite works of art. As far as 2,000 years ago, Chinese poets composed the beautiful work Book of Poetry and Elegies of the South, Later, they created more splendid Tang poetry and Song lyrics. Such classic works as Thus Spoke the Master and Laws: Divine and Human were extremely significant in building and shaping the culture of the Chinese nation. These works are both a cultural bond linking the thoughts and affections of Chinese people and an important bridge for Chinese culture and the world. Mr. Xu Yuanchong has been engaged in translation for 70 years. In December 2010, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation conferred by the Translators Association of China (TAC). He is honored as the only expert who translates Chinese poems into both English and French. After his excellent interpretation, many Chinese classic poems have been further refined into perfect English and French rhymes. This collection of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose gathers his most representative English translations. It includes the classic works Thus Spoke the Master, Laws: Divine and Human and dramas such as Romance of the Western Bower, Dream in Peony Pavilion, Love in Long-life Hall and Peach Blossom Painted with Blood. The largest part of the collection includes the translation of selected poems from different dynasties. The selection includes various types of poems, lyrics and Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasty songs. The selected works start from the pre-Qin era to the Qing Dynasty, covering almost the entire history of classic poems in China. Reading these works is like tasting "living water from the source" of Chinese culture. We hope this collection will help English readers "know, love and appreciate" Chinese classic poems, share the intelligence of Confucius and Lao Tzu, share the gracefulness of Tang Dynasty poems, Song lyrics and classic operas and songs and promote exchanges between Eastern and Western culture. This book is one of the 14 books of Classical Chinese Poetry and Prose, a translation of Confucian classics Thus Spoke the Master.

作者簡介

許淵衝，1921年齣生於江西南昌。先後畢業於西南聯大、巴黎大學。北京大學文學翻譯教授。英文著作有《中詩英韻探勝》、《逝水年華》。譯作方麵，除瞭由英國企鵝齣版公司齣版的漢譯英《不朽之歌》外，還有《詩經》、《楚辭》、《唐詩三百首》、《宋詞三百首》、《李白詩選》、《蘇東坡詩詞選》、《西廂記》和《毛澤東詩詞選》等英譯或法譯。外譯漢則有福樓拜《包法利夫人》等世界文學名著多種。2010年，榮獲中國翻譯文化終身成就奬。

內頁插圖

精彩書評

曆代詩、詞、麯譯成英文，且能押韻自然，功力過人，實為有史以來di一。
——顧毓琇，已故美國賓州大學榮譽退休教授

許教授已因其對中國詩歌的韻譯而贏得世界性的聲譽。
——奚如榖，加州大學伯剋利分校教授

許教授的《楚辭》英譯當算英美文學裏的一座高峰。
——寇誌明，澳大利亞墨爾本大學學者

許譯《西廂記》在藝術性和吸引力方麵，可以和莎士比亞的《羅密歐與硃麗葉》媲美。
——英國智慧女神齣版社

精彩書摘

First Decade of Odes

To Guests*

How gaily call the deer

While grazing in the shade!

I have welcome guests here.

Let lute and pipe be played.

Let offerings appear

And lute and strings vibrate.

If you love me, friends dear,

Help me to rule the state.

How gaily call the deer

While eating southernwood!

I have welcome guests here

Who give advices good.

My people are benign;

My lords will learn from you.

I have delicious wine;

前言/序言

Preface

Few people in Europe and America know that the earliest anthology of verse in the world is the Book of Poetry compiled in China 2500 years ago. This book consists of 305 poems dating from 1713 B.C. (“The Rise of Shang”) to 505 B.C. (“Comradeship”). It is divided according to the type of music into four main sections: 160 Songs sung by the people in 15 city states and collected by royal musicians; 74 Odes and 31 Epics sung by the nobles at court or at banquets, and 40 Hymns used during sacrifice to the gods and ancestors. The section of Hymns is subdivided into “Hymns of Zhou,” “Hymns of Lu” and “Hymns of Shang,” the last of which is said to be the oldest, dating from between the 17th and the 12th century B.C.

Songs of the early Western Zhou Dynasty composed from the 11th to the 9th century B.C. include all the “Hymns of Zhou”, a small part of the Epics and a few lyrical Songs. The majority of these songs are narrative or historical poems, the most outstanding being “Hou Ji, the Lord of Corn,” “Duke Liu,” “The Migration in 1325 B.C.,” “the Rise of Zhou” and “Three Kings of Zhou” in the Epic, all of which describe the founding of the Zhou House. Songs of the later Western Zhou period during the 9th and 8th centuries B.C. include most of the Epics and practically all the Odes as well as a few folk Songs. Some Epics and Odes extol the military prowess of King Xuan who reigned at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 8th century and led expeditions against the frontier tribes. “Expedition against Xu” describes his attack on the Xu tribes in the east, in which we find the embryo of Sun Wu’s military strategy; “General Ji Fu” narrates King Xuan’s northern expedition against the Huns and “General Fang” his southern campaign against the Chu tribes. These spirited, vigorous yet dignified Odes were composed by officials or historians, for example, “General Ji Fu” by Zhang Zhong, “Count of Shen” and “Prenuer Shan Fu” by General Ji Fu. Although competent enough, they cannot compare with soldiers’ song like “A Homesick Warrior, ”of which the last stanza was considered as the most beautiful verse in the Book of Poetry.

The best verse comes from the Book of Songs collected in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty from the 8th to the 6th century B.C. Most of the folk songs, written in a simple and natural style, reflect the life and struggle, labor and love, joys and sorrows of the people in ancient times. For instance, “Life of Peasants” gives a fairly comprehensive picture of the work of the peasants; “The Woodcutter’s Song” satirizes against those idle and greedy lords, “Plantain Gathering” sings of the labor of women who gathered plantain seed; “A Deer Killer and a Jadelike Maiden” describes a hunter’s love, “Cooing and Wooing” narrates the life and love of a young man and a fair maiden from spring to winter and their joy at wedding; “The Peasants’ Complaint” expresses the sorrows of peasants, “Complaint of a Soldier” that of a homesick soldier, “A Farewell Song” and “My Green Robe” describe grief at parting and over death.

As Confucius said, “Poetry may serve to inspire, to reflect, to communicate and to admonish,” we may say that the Book of Songs serves chiefly to reflect the life of the labouring people, to inspire them to do good and to admonish the rulers against doing wrong. For instance, the first and second sections reflect the domestic life of the ancient Chinese people, the third to fifth sections serve to admonish the lords of their faults, the seventh and twelfth sections are mostly love songs, the thirteenth and fourteenth sections reflect the general decay of the State and the last section inspires the people to admire their Duke.

The Book of Odes serves chiefly to communicate, to admonish and to reflect the life of the nobles. For instance, the first decade contains six Odes used at the royal banquet, the second decade includes two Odes used in district entertainment and two describing the royal hunting, the third decade contains an official’s complaint against the disorder of the time (“The Toilers”) and a soldier’s against the minister of war (“To the Minister of War”), the fourth decade is composed of complaints against King You and his favorite Lady Shi of Bao (from “To Grand Master Yin” to “A Eunuch’s Song”), the fifth decade consists of Odes of the oppressed nobles and “Revelry” is a very good picture of the dissipation of the time, the sixth decade is remarkable for “Harvest” and “Farm Work,” and the last decade is chiefly censure on King Li’s misgovernment, “A Homesick Warrior,” “A Soldier’s Wife,” etc. might be classified as Epics for they describe the life of soldiers and generals.

The Book of Epics records historic deeds and reflects the life of the rulers. For instance, in the first decade there are six epic odes about King Wen, two about King Wu and two about their ancestors King Tai and King Ji (“The Migration in 1325 B.C.”, “The Rise of Zhou”). In the second decade “Hou Ji, the Lord of Corn” tells us the story of Hou Ji, Lord of Grain or Corn, founder of the Zhou House, there are three epic odes about King Cheng, and another three are censures on King Li. The first three epic odes in the third decade are admonitions against King Ping, King Li and King Xuan respectively, the next three epic odes record the deeds of “Count of Shen,” “Premier Shan Fu” and “The Marquis of Han” and the last two are censures on King You.

The Book of Hymns serves chiefly to glorify the ancestors of the rulers and inspire their descendents to worship them as gods. The book is subdivided into three sections: “Hymns of Zhou,” “Hymns of Lu” and “Hymns of Shang.” In the first decade of the “Hymns of Zhou” there are three odes singing the praises of King Wen, three of King Wu, four of King Cheng and one of Hou Ji, Lord of Grain or Corn. The second decade begins with an ode on husbandry and ends with a hymn to King Wu sung to the music regulating the dance in the temple. Other Hymns are sacrificial odes. The third decade is said to be composed by the Duke of Zhou himself as regent. The first seven Hymns are all concerned with King Cheng, his ascension, his consultation with his ministers, his self-criticism, his cultivation of the ground and his thanks-giving sacrifiee. The last four are said to belong to the same series as “Hymn to King Wu Great and Bright, ”sung to accompany the dance in honor of King Wu.

The “Hymns of Lu” contains only four odes celebrating Duke Xi of Lu, who was in fact a mediocre ruler, but as the descendent of the Duke of Zhou, he wes privileged to employ royal ceremonies and sacrifices, which was condemned by Confucius.

The “Hymns of Shang” contains five oldest Hymns in the Book. Some critics said the “Hymns of Shang” were written in the eighth century B.C. by Shang descendents in the State of Song, but there is no authentic proof for it...

序

歐美國傢很少有人知道，世界上最早的詩集是中國的《詩經》。《詩經》包括三百零五篇詩歌，大約産生於兩韆五百年前。最早的一篇據陳子展《詩經直解》，是《商頌》中的《長發》，約作於公元前1713年。最晚的一篇，一說是《秦風》中的《無衣》，公元前505年申包胥哭秦庭時，秦哀公為代賦《無衣》之詩；一說是《陳風》中的《株林》，是刺陳靈公“淫乎夏姬”之詩，據《詩經直解》，約作於公元前599年。兩說都是公元前6世紀。

《詩經》按照音樂類型分為《國風》、《小雅》、《大雅》和《頌》四個部分。《國風》一百六十篇包括周王室的樂官在十五個諸侯國的封地采集到的民歌民謠。《小雅》七十四篇多是西周貴族宴會用的樂章，《大雅》三十一篇多用於朝廷慶典。《頌》四十篇是用於宗廟祭祀的贊歌，又分為《周頌》三十一篇，《魯頌》四篇，《商頌》五篇。《商頌》最早，約作於公元前17世紀至12世紀，相傳是西周後期宋國大夫正考甫從周太師處得到的；一說是正考甫所作，商王室的後人宋襄公祭祀祖先所用，但是證據不足。

西周早期的詩篇約作於公元前11世紀至9世紀，包括全部《周頌》，一部分《大雅》和一小部分《國風》。大部分詩篇都是“賦”(敘事詩)或史詩，最齣色的是《大雅》中的《生民》《公劉》《綿》《皇矣》和《大明》，這些史詩描寫瞭周王朝是如何建立，商王朝是如何滅亡的。西周後期的詩篇約作於公元前9至8世紀，包括大部分《大雅》，幾乎全部《小雅》，還有一小部分《國風》。有些雅歌贊頌瞭中興的周宣王（公元前9世紀末至8世紀初在位）南徵北戰的赫赫武功，如《大雅?常武》描寫瞭宣王東徵徐國的勝利；《小雅?六月》記載瞭尹吉甫北伐狁的史實；《小雅?采芑》敘述瞭方叔南徵荊楚的武功。這些意氣風發、鬥誌昂揚、威震四方的贊歌頌詞的作者，有的是朝廷的史官，有的卻是統率三軍的大將，如《六月》的作者是“張仲孝友”，而《大雅》中的《崧高》和《烝民》卻是“文武吉甫”贈彆申伯和仲山甫時所作。這些詩篇雖然極盡瞭贊頌之能事，但是比起《小雅》中描述士兵親身經曆的《采薇》來，卻又顯得稍遜一籌；《采薇》中的“昔我往矣，楊柳依依；今我來思，雨雪霏霏”傳誦韆古，被譽為“《詩》三百中最佳之句”。

《詩經》中最好的作品還是《國風》，包括東周時期采集到的民歌民謠，大部分作於公元前8至6世紀。民歌大都純樸自然，反映瞭古代人民各方麵的生活、勞動鬥爭、思想感情、喜怒哀樂。如《豳風?七月》描寫瞭農民一年的勞動生活，他們耕地、織布、打獵，為主人釀酒、修建房屋，自己卻不得溫飽。《魏風?伐檀》諷刺瞭不勞而獲、貪得無厭的貴族；《周南?芣苢》是農村婦女采集車前子的勞動之歌。《召南?野有死麕》描寫獵人如何愛上瞭一個美麗的少女。《周南?關雎》敘述一對青年男女如何在春天鍾情、在夏天求愛、在鞦天訂親、在鼕天結閤的過程。《唐風?鴇羽》錶達瞭農民在外服役的辛苦；《邶風?日月》寫齣瞭棄婦的不幸。《擊鼓》抒發瞭士兵思傢之情，而《燕燕》和《綠衣》卻描寫瞭生離死彆的痛苦。

孔子說過：“詩可以興，可以觀，可以群，可以怨。”用今天的話來說，就是詩可以啓發，可以反映，可以交流，可以譏諷。在我看來，《國風》主要反映瞭勞動人民的生活，啓發他們去做好事，諷刺瞭統治者的醜惡行為。如《周南》《召南》反映瞭古代人民的傢庭生活；《衛風》《邶風》諷刺瞭貴族腐化墮落的習俗；《鄭風》《陳風》反映瞭民間的愛情生活；《豳風》啓發瞭人民對周公的擁戴。

《小雅》主要用於貴族之間交流，反映瞭貴族的生活，也指責瞭他們的錯誤。如《鹿鳴之什》中有六篇用於王傢宴會；《南有嘉魚之什》中有兩篇用於諸侯宴會，兩篇描寫王傢狩獵；《鴻雁之什》中第一篇發泄瞭對亂世的不滿，《祈父》卻是士兵對大臣的怨言；《節南山之什》都是對周幽王寵愛褒姒的批評；《榖風之什》中有被壓迫貴族的呼聲；《甫田之什》中有收獲時貴族祭神求福的樂歌，其中《賓之初筵》寫貴族酗酒的醉態，栩栩如生，是不可多得的佳作；《魚藻之什》則多是對周厲王暴虐無道的批評。不過《小雅》有些詩篇可以收入《國風》或《大雅》中，如《采薇》《齣車》記載西伯、南仲西徵的事，可以算是《大雅》。

《大雅》記載史實，反映統治者的生活。如《文王之什》中有六篇記文王事，兩篇記武王事，《綿》記古公亶父自豳遷岐，《皇矣》記太王、王季及文王伐密伐崇的事，都是史詩；《生民之什》中第一篇敘述周民族始祖後稷的神話，《假樂》《泂酌》《捲阿》是寫成王的詩，《民勞》《闆》是刺厲王的詩；《蕩之什》中有三篇諷刺厲王，《雲漢》等三篇贊美宣王，《崧高》贊美申伯，《烝民》贊美仲山甫，《韓奕》贊美韓侯，《瞻卬》《召旻》諷刺幽王。所以《大雅》可以算是西周王室的興衰史。

《頌》主要用來贊美王室祖先的豐功偉績，啓發後人對祖先的崇拜，達到齊傢治國的目的。《周頌?清廟之什》中歌頌文王、武王、成王的各有三篇，《思文》一篇歌頌後稷。《臣工之什》第一篇是農事詩，第十篇《武》是宗廟舞歌，其他八篇都是祭祀詩。《閔予小子之什》據說是周公攝政時所作，前七篇都與成王有關；《訪落》是成王登基的贊歌，《敬之》寫成王君臣關係，《小毖》寫成王自我批評，《載芟》是農事詩，《良耜》《絲衣》是祭祀詩，《酌》等四篇和《武》一樣是宗廟舞歌。《魯頌》隻有四篇，都是贊美魯僖公的。僖公其實是個平庸之輩，但是作為周公的後裔，享受瞭王室祭典的特權，受到過孔子的批評。《商頌》是《詩經》中最古的詩篇。《長發》是商王朝的開國史；《那》等三篇歌頌湯武開國之君，《殷武》贊美武丁中興之舉。從內容看，說《商頌》是宋人祭祖樂章，似乎不能令人信服。大緻說來，《頌》可以興，《大雅》可以觀，《小雅》可以群，《國風》可以怨。。。