物理學經典教材：統計力學（第2版） [Statistical Mechanics Made Simple 2nd Edition] 下載 mobi epub pdf 電子書 2025

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內容簡介

For this new edition， each chapter was revised and improved， typos corrected and figures added， some in response to many helpful comments on the first edition. We especially thank Professor Milton W. Cole for his correction of a factor 2 in the specific heat of a 1D hard-core Bose gas. Additionally， solutions to some representative problems have been included in an Appendix.
But， more t.han mere revision and expansion of the material， it is the wit and knowledge of a new co-author that has greatly improved the present text. Thanks to this couaboration the topics of renormalization group and Monte-Carlo numerical techniques could be treated on a par with more conventional elements of statistical thermodynamics. The addition of these important subjects and the expansion of topics that previously had been just many-body theory and phase transitions. We present this new edition in the hope it will better serve the contemporary student while offering to the instructor a wider， more useful choice of lecture materials.

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目錄

Preface to Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
Introduction: Theories of Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and
Statistical Mechanics
Chapter 1 Elementary Concepts in Statistics and Probability
1.0.Random Variables and Their Distributions
1.1.The Binomial Distribution
1.2.Length of a Winning Streak
1.3.Brownian Motion and the Random Walk
1.4.Poisson versus Normal （Gaussian） Distributions
1.5.Central Limit Theorem （CLT）
1.6.Multinomial Distributions, Statistical Thermodynamics
1.7.The Barometer Equation
1.8.Other Distributions

Chapter 2 The Ising Model and the Lattice Gas
2.0.Physical Applications of the Binary Model
2.1.Some Background and Motivation
2.2.First-Principles Statistical Theory of Paramagnetism
2.3.More on Entropy and Energy
2.4.Some Other Relevant Thermodynamic Functions
2.5.Mean-Field Theory, Stable and Metastable Solutions
2.6.The Lattice Gas
2.7.The Nearest-Neighbor Chain: Thermodynamics in 1D
2.8.The Disordered Ising Chain
2.9.Other Magnetic Systems in One Dimension

Chapter 3 Elements of Thermodynamics
3.1.The Scope of Thermodynamics
3.2.Equations of State and Some Definitions
3.3.Maxwell Relations
3.4.Three Important Laws of Thermodynamics
3.5.The Second Derivatives of the Free Energy
3.6.Phase Diagrams for the van der Waals Gas
3.7.Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
3.8.Phase Transitions
3.9.The Carnot Cycle
3.10. Superconductivity

Chapter 4 Statistical Mechanics
4.0.An Axiomatic Approach and the Ergodic Hypothesis
4.1.The Formalism - and a False Start
4.2.Gibbs' Paradox and Its Remedy
4.3.The Gibbs Factor
4.4.The Grand Ensemble
4.5.Non-Ideal Gas and the 2-Body Correlation Function
4.6.The Virial Equation of State
4.7.Weakly Non-Ideal Gas
4.8. .Two-body Correlations
4.9.Configurational Partition Function in 1D
4.10. One Dimension versus Two
4.11. Two Dimensions versus Three: The Debye-Waller Factors
4.12. Specific Heat of Quasi-Ideal Dilute Atomic and Diatomic Gases
4.13. Nanophysics and Inhomogeneity

Chapter 5 The World of Bosons
5.0. Quantum "Statistics"
5.1.Two Types of Bosons and Their Operators
5.2.Number Representation and the Many-Body Problem
5.3.The Adiabatic Process and Conservation of Entropy
5.4.Many-Body Perturbations
5.5. Photons
……
Chapter 6 All About Fermions: Theories of Metals,Superconductors, Semiconductors
Chapter 7 Kinetic Theory
Chapter 8 The Transfer Matrix
Chapter 9 Monte Carlo and Other Computer Simulation Methods
Chapter 10 Critical Phenomena and the Renormalization Group
Chapter 11 Some Uses of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Physics

前言/序言

物理學經典教材：統計力學（第2版） [Statistical Mechanics Made Simple 2nd Edition] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書 格式

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　　由此可見，對一個實驗進行理論解釋需要有三個明顯的步驟：（1）將初始實驗狀況轉達成一個幾率函數；（2）在時間過程中追蹤這個幾率函數；（3）關於對係統所作新測量的陳述，測量結果可以從幾率函數推算齣來。對於第一個步驟，滿足測不難關係是一個必要的條件。第二步驟不能用經典概念的術語描述：這裏沒有關於初始觀測和第二次測量之間係統所發生的事情的描述。隻有到第三個步驟，我們纔又從“可能”轉變到“現實”。　

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　　第一個步驟，即將觀測結果轉達成一個幾率函數，是可能做到的嗎，隻有在觀測後滿足測不準關係時，這纔是可能的。電子的位置可以觀測得這樣準確，其準確度隨γ射綫的波長而定。在觀測前電子可以說實際上是靜止的。但是在觀測作用過程中，至少有一個γ射綫的光量子必須通過顯微鏡，並且必須首先被電子所偏轉。因此，電子也被光量子所撞擊，這就改變瞭它的動量和速度。人們能夠證明，這種變化的測不準性正好大到足以保證測不準關係的成立。因此，關於第一個步驟，沒有絲毫睏難。　

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　　由此可見，對一個實驗進行理論解釋需要有三個明顯的步驟：（1）將初始實驗狀況轉達成一個幾率函數；（2）在時間過程中追蹤這個幾率函數；（3）關於對係統所作新測量的陳述，測量結果可以從幾率函數推算齣來。對於第一個步驟，滿足測不難關係是一個必要的條件。第二步驟不能用經典概念的術語描述：這裏沒有關於初始觀測和第二次測量之間係統所發生的事情的描述。隻有到第三個步驟，我們纔又從“可能”轉變到“現實”。　

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　　當量子論中的幾率函數已在初始時間通過觀測決定瞭以後，人們就能夠從量子論定律計算齣以後任何時間的幾率函數，並能由此決定一次測量給齣受測量的某一特殊值的幾率。例如，我們能預測以後某一時間在雲室中某一給定點發現電子的幾率。應當強調指齣，無論如何，幾率函數本身並不代錶事件在時間過程中的經過。它隻代錶一些事件的傾嚮和我們對這些事件的知識。隻有當滿足一個主要條件時：例如作瞭決定係統的某種性質的新測量時，幾率函數纔能和實在聯係起來。隻有那時，幾率函數纔容許我們計算新測量的可能結果。而測量結果還是用經典物理學的術語敘述的。　

評分☆☆☆☆☆

書不錯，包裝也很好，影印版的就是劃算。

評分☆☆☆☆☆

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