代数几何入门（英文版） [An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

　　《代数几何入门(英文版)》旨在深层次讲述代数几何原理、20世纪的一些重要进展和数学实践中正在探讨的问题。该书的内容对于对代数几何不是很了解或了解甚少，但又想要了解代数几何基础的数学工作者是非常有用的。目次：仿射代数变量；代数基础；射影变量；Quasi射影变量；经典结构；光滑；双有理几何学；映射到射影空间。
　　读者对象：《代数几何入门(英文版)》适用于数学专业高年级本科生、研究生和与该领域有关的工作者。

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目录

Notes for the Second Printing
Preface
Acknowledgments
Index of Notation
1 Affine Algebraic Varieties
1.1 Definition and Examples
1.2 The Zariski Topology
1.3 Morphisms of Affine Algebraic Varieties
1.4 Dimension

2 Algebraic Foundations
2.1 A Quick Review of Commutative Ring Theory
2.2 Hilberts Basis Theorem
2.3 Hilberts NuUstellensatz
2.4 The Coordinate Ring
2.5 The Equivalence of Algebra and Geometry
2.6 The Spectrum of a Ring
3 Projective Varieties

3.1 Projective Space
3.2 Projective Varieties
3.3 The Projective Closure of an Affine Variety
3.4 Morphisms of Projective Varieties
3.5 Automorphisms of Projective Space

4 Quasi-Projective Varieties
4.1 Quasi-Projective Varieties
4.2 A Basis for the Zariski Topology
4.3 Regular Functions

5 Classical Constructions
5.1 Veronese Maps
5.2 Five Points Determine a Conic
5.3 The Segre Map and Products of Varieties
5.4 Grassmannians
5.5 Degree
5.6 The Hilbert Function

6 Smoothness
6.1 The Tangent Space at a Point
6.2 Smooth Points
6.3 Smoothness in Families
6.4 Bertinis Theorem
6.5 The Gauss Mapping

7 Birational Geometry
7.1 Resolution of Singularities
7.2 Rational Maps
7.3 Birational Equivalence
7.4 Blowing Up Along an Ideal
7.5 Hypersurfaces
7.6 The Classification Problems

8 Maps to Projective Space
8.1 Embedding a Smooth Curve in Three-Space
8.2 Vector Bundles and Line Bundles
8.3 The Sections of a Vector Bundle
8.4 Examples of Vector Bundles
8.5 Line Bundles and Rational Maps
8.6 Very Ample Line Bundles
A Sheaves and Abstract Algebraic Varieties
A.1 Sheaves
A.2 Abstract Algebraic Varieties
References
Index

精彩书摘

　　The remarkable intuition of the turn-of-the-century algebraic geometerseventually began to falter as the subject grew beyond its somewhat shakylogical foundations. Led by David Hilbert, mathematical culture shiftedtoward a greater emphasis on rigor, and soon algebraic geometry fell outof favor as gaps and even some errors appeared in the subject. Luckily,the spirit and techniques of algebraic geometry were kept alive, primarilyby Italian mathematicians. By the mid-twentieth century, with the effortsof mathematicians such as David Hilbert and Emmy Noether, algebra wassufficiently developed so as to be able once again to support this beautifuland important subject. In the middle of the twentieth century, Oscar Zariski and Andr Weilspent a good portion of their careers redeveloping the foundations of alge-braic geometry on firm mathematical ground. This was not a mere processof filling in details left unstated before, but a revolutionary new approach,based on analyzing the algebraic properties of the set of all polynomial func-tions on an algebraic variety. These innovations revealed deep connectionsbetween previously separate areas of mathematics, such as number the-ory and the theory of Riemann surfaces, and eventually allowed AlexanderGrothendieck to carry algebraic geometry to dizzying heights of abstrac-tion in the last half of the century. This abstraction has simplified, unified,and greatly advanced the subject, and has provided powerful tools usedto solve difficult problems. Today, algebraic geometry touches nearly everybranch of mathematics. An unfortunate effect of this late-twentieth-century abstraction is that ithas sometimes made algebraic geometry appear impenetrable to outsiders.Nonetheless, as we hope to convey in this Invitation to Algebraic Geome-try, the main objects of study in algebraic geometry, affine and projectivealgebraic varieties, and the main research questions about them, are asinteresting and accessible as ever.

前言/序言

　　These notes grew out of a course at the University of Jyvaskyla in Jan-uary 1996 as part of Finlands new graduate school in mathematics. The course was suggested by Professor Karl Astala， who asked me to give a series of ten two-hour lectures entitled "Algebraic Geometry for Analysts." The audience consisted mainly of two groups of mathematicians： Ph.D. students from the Universities of Jyvaskyla and Helsinki， and mature mathemati-cians whose research and training were quite far removed from algebra.Finland has a rich tradition in classical and topological analysis， and it was primarily in this tradition that my audience was educated， although there were representatives of another well-known Finnish school， mathematical logic.
　　I tried to conduct a course that would be accessible to everyone， but that would take participants beyond the standard course in algebraic ge-ometry. I wanted to convey a feeling for the underlying algebraic principles of algebraic geometry. But equally important， I wanted to explain some of algebraic geometrys major achievements in the twentieth century， as well as some of the problems that occupy its practitioners today. With such ambitious goals， it was necessary to omit many proofs and sacrifice some rigor.
　　In light of the background of the audience， few algebraic prerequisites were presumed beyond a basic course in linear algebra. On the other hand，the language of elementary point-set topology and some basic facts from complex analysis were used freely， as was a passing familiarity with the definition of a manifold.
　　My sketchy lectures were beautifully written up and massaged into this text by Lauri Kahanpaa and Pekka Kekallainen. This was a Herculean effort，no less because of the excellent figures Lauri created with the computer.Extensive revisions to the Finnish text were carried out together with Lauri and Pekka; later Will Traves joined in to help with substantial revisions to the English version. What finally resulted is this book， and it would not have been possible without the valuable contributions of all members of our four-author team.
　　This book is intended for the working or the aspiring mathematician who is unfamiliar with algebraic geometry but wishes to gain an appreciation of its foundations and its goals with a minimum of prerequisites. It is not in-tended to compete with such comprehensive introductions as Hartshornes or Shafarevichs texts， to which we freely refer for proofs and rigor. Rather，we hope that at least some readers will be inspired to undertake more se-rious study of this beautiful subject. This book is， in short， An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry.

代数几何入门（英文版） [An Invitation to Algebraic Geometry] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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代数几何与数学的许多分支学科有着广泛的联系，如数论、解析几何、微分几何、交换代数、代数群、拓扑学等。代数几何的发展和这些学科的发展起着相互促进的作用。同时，作为一门理论学科，代数几何的应用前景也开始受到人们的注意，其中的一个显著的例子是代数几何在控制论中的应用。

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送货快，品相好，感谢京东

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一直对代数几何感兴趣，希望能读懂弄通

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在解析几何中，主要是研究一次曲线和曲面、二次曲线和曲面。而在代数几何中主要是研究三次、四次的曲线和曲面以及它们的分类，继而过渡到研究任意的代数流形。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

好书 评价都很高 适合入门之用

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送货速度快，书的质量好

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在解析几何中，主要是研究一次曲线和曲面、二次曲线和曲面。而在代数几何中主要是研究三次、四次的曲线和曲面以及它们的分类，继而过渡到研究任意的代数流形。

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黎曼1857年引入并发展了代数函数论，从而使代数曲线的研究获得了一个关键性的突破。黎曼把他的函数定义在复数平面的某种多层复迭平面上，从而引入了所谓黎曼曲面的概念。运用这个概念，黎曼定义了代数曲线的一个最重要的数值不变量：亏格。这也是代数几何历史上出现的第一个绝对不变量。

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现代数学的一个重要分支学科。它的基本研究对象是在任意维数的（仿射或射影）空间中，由若干个代数方程的公共零点所构成的集合的几何特性。这样的集合通常叫做代数簇，而这些方程叫做这个代数簇的定义方程组。

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