量子光学基础（第4版） [Elements of Quantum Optics] 下载 mobi epub pdf 电子书 2024

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内容简介

This book grew out of a 2-semester graduate course in laser physics and quan-tum optics. It requires a solid understanding of elementary electromagnetismas well as at least one, but preferably two, semesters of quantum mechanics.

内页插图

目录

Classical Electromagnetic Fields
1.1 Maxwells Equations in a Vacuum
1.2 Maxwells Equations in a Medium
1.3 Linear Dipole Oscillator
1.4 Coherence
1.5 Free-Electron Lasers
Problems

Classical Nonlinear Optics
2.1 Nonlinear Dipole Oscillator
2.2 Coupled-Mode Equations
2.3 Cubic Nonlinearity
2.4 Four-Wave Mixing with Degenerate Pump Frequencies
2.5 Nonlinear Susceptibilities
Problems

Quantum Mechanical Background
3.1 Review of Quantum Mechanics
3.2 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory
3.3 Atom-Field Interaction for Two-Level Atoms
3.4 Simple Harmonic Oscillator
Problems

Mixtures and the Density Operator
4.1 Level Damping
4.2 The Density Matrix
4.3 Vector Model of Density Matrix
Problems

CW Field Interactions
5.1 Polarization of Two-Level Medium
5.2 Inhomogeneously Broadened Media
5.3 Counterpropagating Wave Interactions
5.4 Two-Photon Two-Level Model
5.5 Polarization of Semiconductor Gain Media

Problems
6 Mechanical Effects of Light
6.1 Atom-Field Interaction
6.2 Doppler Cooling
6.3 The Near-Resonant Kapitza-Dirac Effect
6.4 Atom Interferometry
Problems

Introduction to Laser Theory
7.1 The Laser Self-Consistency Equations
7.2 Steady-State Amplitude and Frequency
7.3 Standing-Wave, Doppler-Broadened Lasers
7.4 Two-Mode Operation and the Ring Laser
7.5 Mode Locking
7.6 Single-Mode Semiconductor Laser Theory
7.7 Transverse Variations and Gaussian Beams
Problems

Optical Bistability
8.1 Simple Theory of Dispersive Optical Bistability
8.2 Absorptive Optical Bistability
8.3 Ikeda Instability

Problems
9 Saturation Spectroscopy
9.1 Probe Wave Absorption Coefficient
9.2 Coherent Dips and the Dynamic Stark Effect
9.3 Inhomogeneously Broadened Media
9.4 Three-Level Saturation Spectroscopy
9.5 Dark States and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
Problems

10 Three and Four Wave Mixing
10.1 Phase Conjugation in Two-Level Media
10.2 Two-Level Coupled Mode Coefficients
10.3 Modulation Spectroscopy
10.4 Nondegenerate Phase Conjugation by Four-Wave Mixing
Problems

11 Time-Varying Phenomena in Cavities
11.1 Relaxation Oscillations in Lasers
11.2 Stability of Single-Mode Laser Operation
11.3 Multimode Mode Locking
11.4 Single-Mode Laser and the Lorenz Model
Problems

Coherent Transients
12.1 Optical Nutation
12.2 Free Induction Decay
12.3 Photon Echo
12.4 Ramsey Fringes
12.5 Pulse Propagation and Area Theorem
12.6 Self-Induced Transparency
12.7 Slow Light
Problems

Field Quantization
13.1 Single-Mode Field Quantization
13.2 Multimode Field Quantization
13.3 Single-Mode Field in Thermal Equilibrium
13.4 Coherent States
13.5 Coherence of Quantum Fields
13.6 Quasi-Probability Distributions
13.7 SchrSdinger Field Quantization
13.8 The Gross-Pitaevskii Equation
Problems

Interaction Between Atoms and Quantized Fields
14.1 Dressed States
14.2 Jaynes-Cummlngs Model
14.3 Spontaneous Emission in Free Space
14.4 Quantum Beats
Problems

System-Reservoir Interactions
15.1 Master Equation
15.2 Fokker-Planck Equation
15.3 Langevin Equations
15.4 Monte-Carlo Wave Functions
15.5 Quantum Regression Theorem and Noise Spectra
Problems

Resonance Fluorescence
16.1 Phenomenology
16.2 Langevin Equations of Motion
16.3 Scattered Intensity and Spectrum
16.4 Connection with Probe Absorption
16.5 Photon Antibnnching
16.6 Off-Resonant Excitation
Problems

Squeezed States of Light
17.1 Squeezing the Coherent State
17.2 Two-Sidemode Master Equation
17.3 Two-Mode Squeezing
17.4 Squeezed Vacuum
Problems

Cavity Quantum ElectrodynAmlcs
18.1 Generalized Master Equation for the Atom-Cavity System
18.2 Weak Coupling Regime
18.3 Strong Coupling Regime
18.4 Velocity-Dependent Spontaneous Emission
18.5 Input-Output Formalism
Problems

Quantum Theory of a Laser
19.1 The Micromaser
19.2 Single Mode Laser Master Equation
19.3 Laser Photon Statistics and Linewidth
19.4 Quantized Sidemode Buildup
Problems

Entanglement, Bell Inequalities and Quantum Information
20.1 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Bell Inequalities
20.2 Bipartite Entanglement
20.3 The Quantum Beam Splitter
20.4 Quantum Teleportation
20.5 Quantum Cryptography
20.6 Toward Quantum Computing
Problems
References
Index

精彩书摘

In this book we present the basic ideas needed to understand how laser lightinteracts with various forms of matter. Among the important consequencesis an understanding of the laser itself. The present chapter summarizes clas-sical electromagnetic fields, which describe laser light remarkably well. Thechapter also discusses the interaction of these fields with a medium con-sisting of classical simple harmonic oscillators. It is surprising how well thissimple model describes linear absorption, a point discussed from a quantummechanical point of view in Sect. 3.3. The rest of the book is concernedwith nonlinear interactions of radiation with matter. Chapter 2 generalizesthe classical oscillator to treat simple kinds of nonlinear mechanisms, andshows us a number of phenomena in a relatively simple context. Starting withChap. 3, we treat the medium quantum mechanically. The combination of aclassical description of light and a quantum mechanical description of matteris called the semiclassical approximation. This approximation is not alwaysjustified （Chaps. 13-19）, but there are remarkably few cases in quantum op-tics where we need to quantize the field.

前言/序言

　　This book grew out of a 2-semester graduate course in laser physics and quan-tum optics. It requires a solid understanding of elementary electromagnetismas well as at least one, but preferably two, semesters of quantum mechanics.Its present form resulted from many years of teaching and research at theUniversity of Arizona, the Max-Planck-Institut fiir Quantenoptik, and theUniversity of Munich. The contents have evolved significantly over the years,due to the fact that quantum optics is a rapidly changing field. Because theamount of material that can be covered in two semesters is finite, a numberof topics had to be left out or shortened when new material was added. Im-portant omissions include the manipulation of atomic trajectories by light,superradiance, and descriptions of experiments.

量子光学基础（第4版） [Elements of Quantum Optics] 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书 格式

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This book grew out of a 2-semester graduate course in laser physics and quan-tum optics. It requires a solid understanding of elementary electromagnetismas well as at least one, but preferably two, semesters of quantum mechanics.

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　　另一条接近的道路是玻尔的互补概念。薛定谔已经不把原子描述为一个原子核和电子的系统，而把它描述为一个原子核和一些物质波的系统。这种物质彼图象当然也包含一个真理的因素。玻尔把两种图象——粒子国象和波动图象——看作是同一个实在的两个互补的描述。这两个描述中的任何一个都只能是部分正确的，使用粒子概念以及波动概念都必须有所限制，否则就不能避免矛盾。如果考虑到能够以测不准关系表示的那些限制，矛盾就消失了。　

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　　为了更好地了解这个佯谬，比较一下在经典物理学和量子论中对一个实验进行理论解释的程序是有用的。譬如，在牛顿力学中，我们要研究行星的运动，可以从测量它的位置和速度开始。只要通过观测推算出行星的一系列坐标值和动量值，就可以将观测结果翻译成数学。此后，运动方程就用来从已定时间的这些坐标和动量值推导出晚些时候系统的坐标值或任何其他性质，这样，天文学家就能够预言系统在晚些时候的性质。例如，他能够预言月蚀的准确时间。　

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　　在量子论中，程序稍有不同。例如，我们可能对云室中一个电子的运动感兴趣，并且能用某种观测决定电子的初始位置和速度。但是这个测定将不是准确的；它至少包含由于测不准关系而引起的不准确度，或许还会由于实验的困难包含更大的误差。首先正是由于这些不准确度，才容许我们将观测结果翻译成量子论的教学方案。写出的几率函数是代表进行测量时的实验状况的，其中甚至包含了测量的可能误差。　

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