内容简介
《投资学精要(第8版)(英文版)》由美国三位著名的金融学教授博迪、凯恩、马库斯撰写,是美国商学院和管理学院的教材,在世界各国都有很大的影响,被广泛采用。本书详细讲解了投资领域中的风险组织理论、资本资产定价模型、套利定价理论、市场有效性、证券评估、衍生证券等重要内容。本书阐述详尽,结构清楚,设计独特,语言生动活泼,学生易于理解,内容上注重理论与实践的结合。
《投资学精要(第8版)(英文版)》适合作为金融专业高年级本科生、研究生、MBA教材,也可供金融领域的研究人员,从业人员参考。
目录
第1部分 投资要素
第1章 投资:背景与要点
第2章 资产类别与金融工具
第3章 证券市场
第4章 共同基金和其他投资公司
第2部分 投资组合理论
第5章 风险与回报:历史与序幕
第6章 有效的分散化
第7章 资本资产定价模型与套利定价理论
第8章 有效市场假说
第9章 行为金融与技术分析
第3部分 债务证券
第10章 债券的价格与收益
第11章 债券资产组合的管理
第4部分 证券分析
第12章 宏观经济分析与行业分析
第13章 股权估价
第14章 财务报表分析
第5部分 衍生市场
第15章 期权市场
第16章 期权定价
第17章 期货市场与风险管理
第6部分 积极的资产组合管理
第19章 全球化与国际投资
第21章 税收、通货膨胀与投资战略
附录A
附录B
精彩书摘
2.2 The Bond Market
The bond market is composed of longer-term borrowing or debt instruments than those that trade in the money market. This market includes Treasury notes and bonds, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, mortgage securities, and federal agency debt.
These instruments are sometimes said to comprise the fixed-income capital market,because most of them promise either a fixed stream of income or stream of income that is determined according to a specified formula. In practice, these formulas can result in a flow of income that is far from fixed. Therefore, the term “fixed income” is probably not fully appropriate. It is simpler and more straightforward to call these securities either debt instruments or bonds.
Treasurv Notes and Bonds
The U.S. government borrows funds in large part by selling Treasury notes and bonds. T-notes are issued with original maturities ranging up to 10 years, while T-bonds are issued with maturities ranging from 10 to 30 years. Both bonds and notes may be issued in increments of $100, but far more commonly trade in denominations of $1,000. Both bonds and notes make semiannual interest payments called coupon payments, so named because in precomputer days, investors would literally clip a coupon attached to the bond and present it to receive the interest payment.
Figure 2.4 is an excerpt from a listing of Treasury issues in The Wall Street Journal Online.The highlighted bond matures in February 2015. The coupon income or interest paid by the bond is 4% of par value, meaning that for a $1,000 face value bond, $40 in annual interest payments will be made in two semi annulments of $20 each. The numbers to the right of the colon in the bid and ask prices represent units of 1/32 of a point.
The bid price of the highlighted bond is 105 20/32, or 105.625. The asked price is 105 22/32, or 105.6875. Although bonds are typically traded in denominations of $1,000 par value, the prices are quoted as a percentage of par value. Thus, the asked price of 105.6875 should be interpreted as 105.6875% of par or $1,056.875 for the $1,000 par value bond. Similarly, the bond could be sold to a dealer for $1,056.25. The +29 change means the closing price on this day rose 29/32 (as a percentage of par value) from the previous day's closing price. Finally, the yield to maturity on the bond based on the ask price is 3.017%.
The yield to maturity reported in the last column is a measure of the annualized rate of return to an investor who buys the bond and holds it until maturity.lt accounts for both coupon income as well as the difference between the purchase price of the bond and its final value of $1,000 at maturity. We discuss the yield to maturity in detail in Chapter 10.
Inffation-Protected Treasurv Bonds
The best place to start building an investment portfolio is at the least risky end of the spectrum. Around the world, governments of many countries,including the U.S., have issued bonds that are linked to an index of the cost of living in order to provide their citizens with an effective way to hedge inflation risk.
In the United States, inflation-protected Treasury bonds are called TIPS (Treasury Inflation Protected Securities). The principal amount on these bonds is adjusted in proportion to increases in the Consumer Price Index. Therefore, they provide a constant stream of income in real (inflation-adjusted) dollars, and the realinterest rates you eam on these securities are risk-free if you hold them to maturity. An i following the bond's maturity date in Figure 2.4 denotes that the bond is an inflation-indexed TIPS bond, and you will see that the reponed yields on these bonds are lowef than those on surrounding conventional Treasuries. Compare, for example, the reported yield on the January 2015i bond, 1.820%, to the 3.017% yield on the February 2015 bond that precedes it. The yields on TIPS bonds should be inter- preted as real or inflation-adjusted interest rates. We return to TIPS bonds in more detail in Chapter 10.
Federal Agency Debt
Some govemment agencies issue their own securities to finance their activities. These agencies usually are formed for public policy reasons to channel credit to a particular sector of the economy that Congress believes is not receiving adequate credit through normal private sources.
The major mortgage-related agencies are the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA, or Fannie Mae), the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA, or Ginnie Mae), and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
(FHLMC, or Freddie Mac).
Although the debt of federal agencies is not explicitly insured by the federal government, it has long been assumed that the government would assist an agency nearing default. Those beliefs were validated when Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac actually encountered severe financial distress in September 2008. With both firms on the brink of insolvency, the government stepped in and put them both into conservatorship, assigned the Federal Housing Finance Agency to run the firms, but did in fact agree to make good on the firm's bonds. (Turn back to Chapter 1 for more discussion of the Fannie and Freddie failures.)
International Bonds
Many firms borrow abroad and many investors buy bonds from foreign issuers. In addition to national capital markets, there is a thriving international capital market, largely centered in London.
A Eurobond is a bond denominated in a currency other than that of the country in which it is issued. For example, a dollar-denominated bond sold in Britain would be called a Euro-dollar bond. Similarly, investors might speak of Euroyen bonds, yen-denominated bonds sold outside Japan. Since the new European currency is called the euro, the term Eurobond may be confusing. It is best to think of them simply as international bonds.
In contrast to bonds that are issued in foreign currencies, many firms issue bonds in foreign countries but in the currency of the investor. For example, a Yankee bond is a dollar-denominated bond sold in the U.S. by a non-U.S. issuer. Similarly, Samurai bonds are yen-denominated bonds sold in Japan by non-Japanese issuers.
Municipal Bonds
Municipal bonds (“mums”) are issued by state and local governments. They are similar to Treasury and corporate bonds, except their interest income is exempt from federal income taxation. The interest income also is exempt from state and local taxation in the issuing state. Capital gains taxes, however, must be paid on mums if the bonds mature or are sold for more than the investor's purchase price.
There are basically two types of murucipal bonds. General obligation bonds are backed by the “full faith and credit” (i.e., the taxing power) of the issuer, while revenue bonds are issued to finance particular projects and are backed either by the revenues from that project or by the municipal agency operating the project. Typicalissuers of revenue bonds are airports, hospitals, and tumpike or port authorities. Revenue bonds are riskier in terms of default than general obligation bonds.
An industrial development bond is a revenue bond that is issued to finance commercial enterprises, such as the construction of a factory that can be operated by a private firm.ln effect, this device gives the firm access to the municipality's ability to borrow at tax-exempt rates, and the federal government limits the amount of these bonds that may be issued.2 Figure 2.5 plots outstanding amounts of industrial revenue bonds as well as general obligation municipal bonds.
Like Treasury bonds, municipal bonds vary widely in maturity. A good deal of the debt issued is in the form of short-term tax anticipation notes that raise funds to pay for expenses before actual collection of taxes. Other municipal debt may be long term and used to fund large capital investments. Maturities range up to 30 years.
The key feature of municipal bonds is their tax-exempt status. Because investors pay neither federal nor state taxes on the interest proceeds, they are willing to accept lower yields on these securities.
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前言/序言
《投资学精要》(第8版) 内容简介 《投资学精要》(第8版)是一本全面、深入且实用的投资学教材,旨在为读者提供坚实的理论基础和丰富的实践指导。本书的编写充分考虑了当前全球金融市场的最新发展和动态,力求在保持经典理论框架的同时,融入前沿的投资理念和分析工具。 全书围绕着投资过程的核心环节展开,从宏观经济分析到具体的证券投资,再到风险管理和投资组合的构建,层层递进,逻辑清晰。作者以严谨的学术态度和生动的语言,将复杂的投资概念和模型进行剖析,使其易于理解和掌握。 核心内容概述: 宏观经济环境与投资决策: 本书首先强调了理解宏观经济环境对于投资决策的重要性。读者将学习如何分析利率、通货膨胀、经济增长、财政政策和货币政策等关键宏观变量,以及它们对不同资产类别的影响。通过对宏观经济周期的洞察,读者能够更好地把握投资机会和规避潜在风险。 证券市场概览与分析: 接着,本书详细介绍了各类金融工具的市场,包括股票、债券、衍生品等。读者将深入了解这些证券的定价机制、交易规则、风险特征以及市场结构。对于股票投资,本书涵盖了从公司财务报表分析到估值技术的全面介绍,包括内在价值评估、相对估值法以及现金流折现模型等。对于债券投资,则深入探讨了利率风险、信用风险以及不同类型债券的投资策略。 投资组合理论与实践: 投资组合理论是本书的重要组成部分。读者将学习马科维茨的均值-方差模型,理解分散化投资的原理和如何构建最优的风险收益组合。本书将重点介绍资本资产定价模型(CAPM)及其应用,以及多因子模型等更复杂的资产定价理论。通过案例分析,读者将学会如何根据自身的风险偏好和投资目标,构建和管理一个多元化的投资组合。 风险管理与绩效评估: 风险管理贯穿于整个投资过程。本书详细阐述了各种投资风险的来源,如市场风险、信用风险、流动性风险、操作风险等,并介绍了度量和管理这些风险的工具和技术,例如 VaR(Value at Risk)模型。同时,本书也强调了投资绩效评估的重要性,介绍了各种衡量投资回报和风险调整后收益的指标,帮助读者客观地评估投资策略的有效性。 行为金融学视角: 认识到投资者心理和行为对市场价格的影响,本书融入了行为金融学的相关内容。读者将了解常见的认知偏差和情绪因素如何影响投资者的决策,以及这些偏差如何在市场中被利用或规避。这为读者提供了一个更全面的视角来理解市场波动和投资行为。 前沿投资领域探讨: 除了传统的投资理论和工具,本书还对一些新兴的投资领域进行了介绍,例如对冲基金、私募股权、房地产投资信托(REITs)以及近年来备受关注的另类投资。这些内容旨在拓宽读者的投资视野,了解更多元的投资选择。 本书特点: 理论与实践相结合: 本书在讲解抽象理论的同时,大量引用了现实世界的案例和数据,帮助读者将理论知识应用于实际的投资决策中。 清晰的逻辑结构: 全书围绕投资的核心流程设计,各章节之间衔接紧密,层层深入,使得读者能够系统地构建对投资学的理解。 数学工具的恰当运用: 本书在必要之处引入数学模型和统计工具,但同时注重对这些工具的直观解释,确保非数理背景的读者也能理解其应用。 国际化视野: 鉴于金融市场的全球化,本书在案例和数据选择上兼顾了不同国家和地区的市场情况,为读者提供国际化的投资视角。 更新的内容: 作为第8版,本书在内容上进行了充分的更新,反映了近些年金融市场的新发展,例如对算法交易、大数据在投资中的应用等有所涉及。 《投资学精要》(第8版)是一本不可多得的投资学入门和进阶读物,无论您是金融专业的学生、有志于成为专业投资人士,还是希望提升个人理财能力的投资者,本书都将为您提供宝贵的知识和深刻的启迪,帮助您在复杂的金融世界中做出更明智的投资决策。