物理學經典教材：統計力學（第2版） [Statistical Mechanics Made Simple 2nd Edition] 下載 mobi epub pdf 電子書 2024

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內容簡介

For this new edition， each chapter was revised and improved， typos corrected and figures added， some in response to many helpful comments on the first edition. We especially thank Professor Milton W. Cole for his correction of a factor 2 in the specific heat of a 1D hard-core Bose gas. Additionally， solutions to some representative problems have been included in an Appendix.
But， more t.han mere revision and expansion of the material， it is the wit and knowledge of a new co-author that has greatly improved the present text. Thanks to this couaboration the topics of renormalization group and Monte-Carlo numerical techniques could be treated on a par with more conventional elements of statistical thermodynamics. The addition of these important subjects and the expansion of topics that previously had been just many-body theory and phase transitions. We present this new edition in the hope it will better serve the contemporary student while offering to the instructor a wider， more useful choice of lecture materials.

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目錄

Preface to Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
Introduction: Theories of Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and
Statistical Mechanics
Chapter 1 Elementary Concepts in Statistics and Probability
1.0.Random Variables and Their Distributions
1.1.The Binomial Distribution
1.2.Length of a Winning Streak
1.3.Brownian Motion and the Random Walk
1.4.Poisson versus Normal （Gaussian） Distributions
1.5.Central Limit Theorem （CLT）
1.6.Multinomial Distributions, Statistical Thermodynamics
1.7.The Barometer Equation
1.8.Other Distributions

Chapter 2 The Ising Model and the Lattice Gas
2.0.Physical Applications of the Binary Model
2.1.Some Background and Motivation
2.2.First-Principles Statistical Theory of Paramagnetism
2.3.More on Entropy and Energy
2.4.Some Other Relevant Thermodynamic Functions
2.5.Mean-Field Theory, Stable and Metastable Solutions
2.6.The Lattice Gas
2.7.The Nearest-Neighbor Chain: Thermodynamics in 1D
2.8.The Disordered Ising Chain
2.9.Other Magnetic Systems in One Dimension

Chapter 3 Elements of Thermodynamics
3.1.The Scope of Thermodynamics
3.2.Equations of State and Some Definitions
3.3.Maxwell Relations
3.4.Three Important Laws of Thermodynamics
3.5.The Second Derivatives of the Free Energy
3.6.Phase Diagrams for the van der Waals Gas
3.7.Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
3.8.Phase Transitions
3.9.The Carnot Cycle
3.10. Superconductivity

Chapter 4 Statistical Mechanics
4.0.An Axiomatic Approach and the Ergodic Hypothesis
4.1.The Formalism - and a False Start
4.2.Gibbs' Paradox and Its Remedy
4.3.The Gibbs Factor
4.4.The Grand Ensemble
4.5.Non-Ideal Gas and the 2-Body Correlation Function
4.6.The Virial Equation of State
4.7.Weakly Non-Ideal Gas
4.8. .Two-body Correlations
4.9.Configurational Partition Function in 1D
4.10. One Dimension versus Two
4.11. Two Dimensions versus Three: The Debye-Waller Factors
4.12. Specific Heat of Quasi-Ideal Dilute Atomic and Diatomic Gases
4.13. Nanophysics and Inhomogeneity

Chapter 5 The World of Bosons
5.0. Quantum "Statistics"
5.1.Two Types of Bosons and Their Operators
5.2.Number Representation and the Many-Body Problem
5.3.The Adiabatic Process and Conservation of Entropy
5.4.Many-Body Perturbations
5.5. Photons
……
Chapter 6 All About Fermions: Theories of Metals,Superconductors, Semiconductors
Chapter 7 Kinetic Theory
Chapter 8 The Transfer Matrix
Chapter 9 Monte Carlo and Other Computer Simulation Methods
Chapter 10 Critical Phenomena and the Renormalization Group
Chapter 11 Some Uses of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Physics

前言/序言

物理學經典教材：統計力學（第2版） [Statistical Mechanics Made Simple 2nd Edition] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書 格式

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　　同時，人們能夠很容易理解沒有觀測電子環繞原子核的軌道的方法。第二個步驟在於顯示一個不繞原子核運動而是離開原子的波包，因為第一個光量子已將電子從原子中打齣。如果γ射綫的波長遠小於原子的大小，γ射綫的光量子的動量將遠大於電子的原始動量。因此，第一個光量子足以從原子中打齣電子，並且人們決不能觀測到電子軌道中另外的點；因此，也就沒有通常意義的軌道瞭。下一次觀測——第三個步驟——將顯示電子離開原子的路綫。兩次相繼觀測之間所發生的事情，一般是完全無法描述的。當然，人們總想這樣說：在兩次觀測之間，電子必定要處在某些地方，因而必定也描繪齣某種路綫或軌道，即使不可能知道是怎樣一條路綫。這在經典物理學中是一個閤理的推論。但是，在量子論中，我們將在後麵看齣，這是語言的不閤理的誤用。我們可以暫時不去管這個警告究竟是指我們談論原子事件的方法還是指原子事件本身，究竟它所涉及的是認識論還是本體論。但在任何情況下，我們對原子粒子的行為作任何陳述時，措辭都必須非常小心。

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