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《Great Speeches:跟美国总统学英语》是美国38位总统的就职演说集,免费下载对应的原声录音与外教朗读,是英语学习者极有价值的读物。通过从乔治·华盛顿到贝拉克·奥巴马总统的演说中,读者也可以更好地了解美国各个阶段的政治、经济与历史文化。 内容简介
From George Washington to Barack Obama, Presidents have used inaugural addresses to articulate their hopes and dreams for a nation. Collectively, these addresses chronicle the course of this country from its earliest days to the present.
Inaugural addresses have taken various tones, themes and forms. Some have been reflective and instructive, while others have sought to challenge and inspire. Washington's second inaugural address on March 4, 1793 required only 135 words and is the shortest ever given. The longest on record-8495 words-was delivered in a snowstorm March 4, 1841 by William Henry Harrison.
Invoking a spirit of both history and patriotism, inaugural addresses have served to reaffirm the liberties and freedoms that mark our remarkable system of government. Many memorable and inspiring passages have originated from these addresses.
This collection includes the great inaugural addresses of 38 presidents of the United States. It is our hope that this volume will serve as an important and valuable reference for historians, scholars and English learners.
目录
01 George Washington (1789-1797)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
02 John Adams (1797-1801)
Inaugural Address
03 Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
04 James Madison (1809-1817)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
05 James Monroe (1817-1825)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
06 John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)
Inaugural Address
07 Andrew Jackson (1829-1837)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
08 Martin Van Buren (1837-1841)
Inaugural Address
09 William Henry Harrison (1841)
Inaugural Address
10 James Knox Polk (1845-1849)
Inaugural Address
11 Zachary Taylor (1849-1850)
Inaugural Address
12 Franklin Pierce (1853-1857)
Inaugural Address
13 James Buchanan (1857-1861)
Inaugural Address
14 Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
15 Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
16 Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)
Inaugural Address
17 James A. Garfield (1881)
Inaugural Address
18 Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)
Inaugural Address
19 Grover Cleveland (1893-1897)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
20 William McKinley (1897-1901)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
21 Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
Inaugural Address
22 William Howard Taft (1909-1913)
Inaugural Address
23 Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
24 Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
Inaugural Address
25 Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)
Inaugural Address
26 Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)
Inaugural Address
27 Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
Third Inaugural Address
Fourth Inaugural Address
28 Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)
Inaugural Address
29 Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
30 John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)
Inaugural Address
31 Lyndon Baines Johnson (1963-1969)
Inaugural Address
32 Richard Milhous Nixon (1969-1974)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
33 Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)
Inaugural Address
34 Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
35 George Bush (1989-1993)
Inaugural Address
36 Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
37 George W. Bush (2001-2009)
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address
38 Barack Obama (2009- )
First Inaugural Address
Second Inaugural Address 精彩书摘
Barack Obama
First Inaugural Address
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
[Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States- becoming the first African American to serve in that office-on January 20, 2009.
The son of a white American mother and a black Kenyan father, Obama grew up in Hawaii. Leaving the state to attend college, he earned degrees from Columbia University and Harvard Law School. Obama worked as a community organizer in Chicago, where he met and married Michelle LaVaughn Robinson in 1992. Their two daughters, Malia Ann and Natasha (Sasha) were born in 1998 and 2001, respectively. Obama was elected to the Illinois state senate in 1996 and served there for eight years. In 2004, he was elected by a record majority to the U.S. Senate from Illinois and, in February 2007, announced his candidacy for President. After winning a closely-fought contest against New York Senator and former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton for the Democratic nomination, Obama handily defeated Senator John McCain of Arizona, the Republican nominee for President, in the general election.
When President Obama took office, he faced very significant challenges. The economy was officially in a recession, and the outgoing administration of George W. Bush had begun to implement a controversial "bail-out" package to try to help struggling financial institutions. In foreign affairs, the United States still had troops deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, and warfare had broken out between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip, illustrating the ongoing instability of the Middle East.]
My Fellow Citizens:
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.
Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents. So it has been. So it must be with this generation of Americans.
That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective
failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our
adversaries and threaten our planet.
These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land-a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, that the next generation must lower its sights.
Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America-they will be met.
On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.
On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas that for far too long have strangled our politics.
We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.
In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted-for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things-some celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.
For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.
For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West; endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.
For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg; Normandy and Khe Sahn.
Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions; greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.
This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions-that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America.
For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of our economy calls for action, bold and swift, and we will act-not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. All this we will do.
Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions- who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short. For they have forgotten what this country has already done; what free men and women can achieve when
imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage.
What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them-that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply. The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but
whether it works-whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account-to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day-because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.
Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched, but this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control-the nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity; on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart-not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good.
As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers, faced with perils that we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man, a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience's sake. And so to all the other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born: know that America is a friend of each nation and every man, woman, and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity, and we are ready to lead once more.
Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with the sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead, they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.
We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort-even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken; you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.
For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus-and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.
To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West-know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history; but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.
To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford
indifference to the suffering outside our borders; nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.
As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honor them not only because they are the guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service; a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this moment-a moment that will define a generation-it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.
For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.
Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends-honesty and hard work, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism-these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history. What is demanded then is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility-a recognition, on the part of every American, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation, and the world, duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.
This is the price and the promise of citizenship.
This is the source of our confidence-the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.
This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed-why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.
So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned.
The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people:
"Let it be told to the future world… that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive… that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet… it."
America! In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.
Thank you. God bless you. And God bless the United States of America.
…… 前言/序言
From George Washington to Barack Obama, Presidents have used inaugural addresses to articulate their hopes and dreams for a nation. Collectively, these addresses chronicle the course of this country from its earliest days to the present.
Inaugural addresses have taken various tones, themes and forms. Some have been reflective and instructive, while others have sought to challenge and inspire. Washington's second inaugural address on March 4, 1793 required only 135 words and is the shortest ever given. The longest on record-8,495 words-was delivered in a snowstorm March 4, 1841 by William Henry Harrison.
Invoking a spirit of both history and patriotism, inaugural addresses have served to reaffirm the liberties and freedoms that mark our remarkable system of government. Many memorable and inspiring passages have originated from these addresses. Among the best known are Washington's pledge in 1789 to protect the new nation's "liberties and freedoms" under "a government instituted by themselves," Abraham Lincoln's
plea to a nation divided by Civil War to heal "with malice toward none, with charity toward all,"Franklin D. Roosevelt's declaration "that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself," and John F. Kennedy's exhortation to "ask not what your country can do for you-ask what you can do for your country."
This collection is being published in commemoration of the Bicentennial Presidential Inauguration that was observed on January 20, 1989. Dedicated to the institution of the Presidency and the democratic process that represents the peaceful and orderly transfer of power according to the will of the people, it is our hope that this volume will serve as an important and valuable reference for historians, scholars and the English learners.
《领航时代:全球思想家的宏大叙事与语言力量》 一部跨越国界与时空的思想探索之旅,深入剖析人类历史上最具影响力的思想家如何通过语言塑造世界。 在人类文明的长河中,总有一些声音以其穿透历史的力量,定义了一个时代的精神风貌。本书《领航时代:全球思想家的宏大叙事与语言力量》,并非聚焦于某一个特定国家的政治演讲,而是将视野投向全球,聚焦于那些超越国界、跨越文化藩篱,以其深刻的洞察力、卓越的逻辑构建和无与伦比的语言驾驭能力,引领人类思想航向的巨擘们。 本书的核心在于对“宏大叙事”(Grand Narrative)的解构与重构,探究这些叙事是如何在特定的历史语境中诞生、传播,并最终演化为推动社会变革、重塑世界格局的强大动力。我们关注的焦点是语言如何作为思想的载体,从内部瓦解旧有的认知结构,并为未来的可能打开新的疆域。 第一部分:启蒙的火种——理性、自由与人权的构建 本部分追溯思想史上那些奠定现代社会基石的“宣言式”文本。我们深入分析启蒙运动时期,哲学家们如何运用严谨的思辨和富有激情的笔触,挑战神权与王权对人类心智的禁锢。 一、孟德斯鸠的权力制衡艺术: 剖析《论法的精神》中对不同政体结构的细致描摹。我们不仅关注其“三权分立”的理论框架,更着重于他如何用清晰、对比强烈的语言,论证权力集中带来的必然腐蚀,以及分散权力所需的修辞策略,如何说服一个尚未完全摆脱专制阴影的欧洲。 二、卢梭的“公意”构建: 深入探讨《社会契约论》中“公意”(General Will)这一核心概念的复杂性。本书将分析卢梭如何通过对“自然状态”的浪漫化描绘,逐步引导读者接受社会契约的必要性,以及他如何运用极具煽动性的排比和对立句式,将抽象的政治理念转化为民众可以理解和捍卫的集体情感。 三、康德的“人是目的”: 考察康德在伦理学领域提出的绝对命令。重点分析其文本中那种冷静、超验的论证风格,如何通过纯粹的理性推导,构建出超越经验和功利计算的人类尊严基础。探讨这种“义务论”的语言体系,如何为后世的法律和人权文本提供了坚实的哲学支柱。 第二部分:工业的巨变与阶级的对立——对物质世界的深刻诊断 随着工业革命的浪潮席卷全球,人类社会结构面临前所未有的断裂。本部分聚焦于那些直面物质生产关系和社会冲突的思想巨擘,及其如何构建出解释和改造世界的理论体系。 一、马克思的“历史唯物主义”叙事: 我们将细致分析《资本论》和《共产党宣言》中的语言策略。这不仅仅是经济学著作,更是一部充满历史宿命感的史诗。重点分析马克思如何运用高度凝练的定义(如“异化”、“剩余价值”)和充满张力的对比(如“资产阶级”与“无产阶级”),创造出一种不可抗拒的、指向未来革命的叙事张力。我们将审视其文本中蕴含的辩证法如何通过语言结构得以体现。 二、斯密对“看不见的手”的描绘: 回溯《国富论》中关于市场效率的经典论述。本书关注亚当·斯密如何通过对个体追求私利的描述,巧妙地引导读者接受其最终导向社会整体利益的结论。分析他如何使用类比和比喻,将复杂的经济互动简化为易于理解的“自然秩序”,从而为自由市场经济奠定了早期的文化基础。 三、尼采的“权力意志”与价值重估: 探讨尼采如何以一种近乎诗歌和箴言体的形式,对西方传统道德和真理观念进行彻底的颠覆。重点分析其批判性语言的破坏力——如何通过“上帝已死”、“超人”等概念,挑战既有的确定性,并构建一种鼓励个体超越性自我实现的全新价值体系。 第三部分:全球化的回响——文化相对论与身份的重塑 进入二十世纪,世界格局的剧变和人类对自身文化多样性的认识深化,催生了新的思想流派。本部分探讨哲学家、人类学家如何通过语言工具来理解和定位多元的文化主体。 一、萨伊德的“东方学”解构: 详细研究《东方学》中对西方话语霸权的批判。我们将分析萨伊德如何通过对文本、图像和权力的交叉分析,揭示“东方”是如何被“西方”的语言结构所构建、固化和规训的。探讨其批判性理论如何为后殖民研究奠定了语言分析的基石。 二、维特根斯坦的语言边界论: 聚焦于维特根斯坦后期对语言游戏的探索。探究他如何通过描述语言在不同情境下的“使用方式”,来瓦解形而上学对意义的僵化定义。分析其文本中那种克制、精准,却又充满洞察力的描述性语言,如何迫使读者重新审视日常交流的复杂性。 三、福柯的知识-权力谱系: 考察福柯如何追踪特定知识领域(如疯癫史、监狱史)的生成过程。重点研究其“谱系学”方法论中,对历史断裂点和话语转变的精确描绘,以及他如何展示知识的产生本身就是权力运作的一种表现形式。他的叙事风格往往是冷静的解剖,而非激昂的号召。 结语:行走在思想的疆域 《领航时代》的最终目标,是为读者提供一套分析和理解“伟大思想”的工具箱。它强调,无论思想的内核多么深刻,其最终能否实现其抱负,都依赖于其表达的艺术——对听众心理的把握、对逻辑链条的精妙编织,以及对人类情感深处的精准触碰。 本书引导读者超越对口号的简单记忆,进入思想家构建其理论世界的语言迷宫,理解他们如何在历史的十字路口,通过对词语的审慎选择和巧妙组合,为后人指明了探寻真理与构建未来的方向。这是一场关于人类心智力量的史诗赞歌,是对那些真正改变了我们看待世界方式的语言艺术的致敬。