《宏觀經濟學原理(英文版·第6版)(工商管理經典教材·核心課係列;教育部高校工商管理類教學指導委員》: Everyone wants to know the answers to these questions.The people who make business decisions—homebuilders,auto producers,cell—phone service providers,airlines,oil producers,airplane makers,farmers,and retailers—want to know the answers so they can plan their production to align with demand.Governments want the ansYwers because the amount of tax revenue that they collect depends on how much people earn and spend,wluch in turn depends on the state of the economy Governments and the Federal Reserve want to knowbecause they might be able to take actions that avoid excessive bust or boom.Ordinary cihzens want the answers to plan their big deasions such as how long to remain in school,whether to rent or buy a new home,and how much to save toward rehrement. To assess the state of the economy we measure gross domestic product,or GDP.You're about to discover that GDP measures the value of total production,totalincome,and total expenditure. GDP Defined We measure total production as gross domestic product,or GDP,which is the market value of all the final goods and services produced within a country in a given time period.This definition has four parts,which we')J examine in turn.. Value Produced To measure total production,we must add together the production of apples and oranges,bats and balls.Just counting the items doesn't get'us very far.Which is the greater total produchon: 100 apples and 50 oranges or 50 apples and 100 oranges? ……