具體描述
內容簡介
這是迄今為止我國係統、全麵反映中美兩國關係史的一部力作。《中美關係史》是從1784年美國商船“中國皇後號”遠航廣州到2013年6月習近平同奧巴馬舉行莊園會晤為止的中美關係的通史性著作。 全書根據中美雙方的資料,簡明扼要地敘述瞭悠長歲月中的兩國關係,展現瞭兩國關係極其豐富又錯綜復雜的圖景;通過對這一時期兩國間重大事件的敘述,展示瞭中美兩國外交政策的決策過程及影響雙方決策的種種國內和國際因素,以及兩國外交政策對世界的影響。展示瞭雙方經過多年的磨閤、衝撞,從扶持、對抗走嚮和解、共同前進的脈絡。書中不少值得重視的觀點是根據重要的檔案資料所得齣,這對理解中美關係提供瞭一個新視角。 作者簡介
Tao Wenzhao, born at east China's Zhejiang Province, February 1943, is an honorary academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and senior fellow of the Institute of American Studies.He served as the deputy director at the Institute and as secretary general of the Chinese Association of American Studies from 1994 to 2003. His publications include A History of Sino-American Relations (1911-2000) (in three volumes), China's Foreign Relations During the China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (co-author), US' China Poficy After the End of the Cold War (co-author),American Think-tanks and US' China Policy After the End of the Cold War (co-author). 精彩書評
★Tao is a conscientious scholar who tries to stick to the facts.But it is a Chinese version often based on Chinese sourcessome unfamiliar to American historians and as such should prove enlightening to readers in the United States.
——Warren I. Cohen
★The publication of this history in English will make it more accessible to American readers who are generally unfamiliar with how US history is taught in Chinese schools. Serious readers will gain an improved multidimensional understanding of the historical interactions between China and the United States that can provide a better base for managing the bilateral relationship in the future.
——J. Stapleton Roy
★With this superb volume Professor Tao Wenzhao has created a keystone in the intellectual edifie of an informed balanced and historically grounded understanding of U.S.-China relations. He stands with an exceptionally small group of scholars in both China and America who have a command of the history between our two countries and is simultaneously able to extract from that complex flow of events the essential lessons for the management of this critical
relationship.
——David M. Lampton 目錄
Chapter 1 Exchanges
1.1 Early Trade and Cultural Exchanges
1.2 The Treaty of Wanghia and the Establishment of
Relations Between China and the U.S.
1.3 Controversy over the Burlingame Treaty
1.4 Exclusion of Chinese and the Issue of Chinese Labor in the United States
Chapter 2 The Open—door Policy and Its Implementation
2.1 The Open—door Policy: The Gap Between Policy and Pracuce
2.2 The United States and the 1911 Revolution
2.3 The Paris Peace Conference: A Proud Day for Chinese
Chapter 3 The Washington Conference: The United States and Wars and Revolution in China
3.1 The Washington Conference and Setding of the Shandong Issue
3.2 The United States, Wars and Revolution in China in the 1920s
3.3 The U.S.and the Nanjing Nationalist Government
Chapter 4 The 1930s: Toward a China—U.S.Alliance Against Japanese Aggression
4.1 From Liutiao Lake to Marco Polo Bridge
4.2 The Nationalist Government “Clings Onin Hope of Rescue”
4.3 Toward an Alliance Against Japanese Aggression
4.4 The Early War Period, CPC Non—Governmental Contacts with the U.S.
Chapter 5 Wartime Allies
5.1 The Rocky Road of Military Cooperation
5.2 Building a Special Relationship
5.3 The U.S.Army Observer Section in Yan'an
5.4 Shift in U.S.Policy Toward China
5.5 The Yalta Conference, the United States and the Sino—Soviet Treaty
Chapter 6 U.S.Involvement in China's Civil War
6.1 The Marshall Mediation
6.2 The China Aid Act of 1948
6.3 Toward Confrontation
Chapter 7 The Age of Confrontation and Isolation
7.1 Confrontation in Korea
7.2 American Containment of China
7.3 Two Crises in the Taiwan Strait
7.4 China—U.S.Ambassadorial Talks
Chapter 8 A Slow Thaw
8.1 Changes in China's Diplomacy
8.2 Adjustmentin U.S.Policy Toward China
8.3 A Historic Handshake
Chapter 9 Difficult Normalization
9.1 Stagnation
9.2 Normalization
9.3 The Taiwan Relations Act
9.4 The Birth of the August 17 Communique
9.5 China Reiterates Its Independent Foreign Policy
Chapter 10 Renormalization of China—U.S.Relations in the Post Cold War Era
10.1 U.S.Pressure Follows 1989 Turmoilin Beijing
10.2 Drastic Changes Across the Taiwan Strait
10.3 Heads of State Visits
10.4 Disaster Out of the Blue
10.5 China's Accession to the WTO and U.S.Legislation on PNTR for China
Chapter 11 China—U.S.Relations in the New Century
11.1 Establishing Constructive and Cooperative Relations
11.2 Maintaining Stability in the Taiwan Strait Region
11.3 Continuing to Promote Mutually Beneficial and Win—Win Trade and Economic Relations
11.4 Cooperation on Regional and International Issues
Conclusion Toward a New Model of Major—Country Relationship
Index 精彩書摘
《中美關係史(英文版)》:
Two, the treaty stipulated that the people of both countries could enroll in all Hnds of offiaal schools operated by the other side, and were eligible for most favored nation treatment, and both sides could set up schools in the other's country. This provision was closely related to the previous one. For decades, American missionaries had labored hard under unfavorable conditions in China,with little success. The American church deemed that by running
schools they could attfact more people, especially influencing the upper-level intellectuals. The inculcation of Western culture through education was the basis on which to "Christianize" China, so they laid special emphasis on schools. In 1869, there were 4,389 students in Christian schools in China; by 1876 the number had increased to 5,917, mostly students in the American church system. At the same time, the Burlingame Treaty also stimulated the Qing government into sending young people to study in the United States. In 1860 and again in 1870, Yung Wing proposed dispatching students to study there. Prompted by the needs of the Westernization Movement, Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and others lent their support to this proposition. Between 1872 and 1875, the Qing government sent Zhan Tianyou and others, 120 young people in all, to the United States. These were China's first modern exchange students sent at state expense, and the initiative signaled the start of China's large-scale direct learning from the West. On their return to China,these pioneer overseas students played important roles in Chinese shipbuilding, railways, mining, machinery manufacturing, and in the telecommunications sector, becoming China's first generation of industrial technical experts.Three, the treaty provided for freedom of movement between the two peoples at any time, removing prohibitions oti traveling,trading or residing overseas. In this it went a step further than the relevant provisions of the Convention of Peking, and it meant that the United States could expand its recruitment of Chinese laborers.At the same time, this provision also guaranteed legal status for Chi-
nese laborers in the United States. Prior to this treaty, Chinese laborers in the United States were not guaranteed a legal status. They were to lose that protection again in 1882, when the U.S. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. Chinese laborers in the U.S. actually enjoyed the protection of the law for just a dozen or so years.The positive significance of the Burlingame Treaty in this regard should not be overlooked.The Burlingame mission was the first diplomatic mission of late Qing Chinal dispatched to the West according to Western diplomatic convention. It showed the Qing government moving one step
closer to the international community and to Western diplomacy,and was an important development in the evolution of modern Chinese diplomacy An important breakthrough of the Burlingame mission was to shake Chinese diplomatic ritual, and signaled the collapse of the traditional system that the Chinese treated other nations or tribes as barbarians. The Burlingame Treaty can be described as an international treaty equal in form and content signed between
China and Western countries under conditions of relative peace for the first time since the Opium War, and by China for the first time as a sovereign state rather than as the vanquished party. Of course,the balance of power between the Qing government and the foreign powers and the United States determined that in an ostensibly equal treaty, the Chinese, as the weaker party, had unequal rights and fulfilled unequal obligations; therefore, in essence, this treaty too was one-sided. Another positive effect of the Burlingame Treaty on
…… 前言/序言
《世界格局變遷中的中日關係史:從江戶時代到平成時代》 導言:曆史的鏡像與地緣的張力 自古以來,東亞地緣政治格局的穩定與否,很大程度上取決於中國與日本這兩個核心大國之間的互動模式。本書旨在梳理自德川幕府開創的江戶時代,直至平成時代末期,中日兩國關係在漫長曆史周期中的演變軌跡、深層驅動因素及其對世界曆史進程産生的關鍵影響。我們摒棄將曆史簡單地綫性敘事,而是聚焦於兩國在不同曆史階段如何感知、定義和應對彼此的存在,以及外部世界環境(如西方列強的東來、冷戰的格局)如何重塑瞭雙邊關係的形態。 本書將中日關係置於全球權力轉移的宏大背景下進行考察。不同於聚焦於特定條約或事件的敘事,我們力圖揭示隱藏在外交辭令與軍事衝突之下的文化認知、經濟結構差異以及民族心理的張力。我們相信,理解當下的中日關係,必須迴溯至數百年前的初始接觸點,探究曆史遺留的“記憶碎片”是如何塑造當代決策者的戰略視野的。 第一部分:江戶時代的“想象中的鄰邦” (1603-1853) 江戶時代是日本“鎖國”政策的鼎盛期,也是中國經曆清朝由盛轉衰的關鍵階段。然而,“鎖國”並非意味著完全的隔絕。本部分將深入剖析在官方限製下,民間層麵的文化、技術和商業交流是如何悄然維係的。 一、儒傢思想的再闡釋與本土化 日本學界對中國(明清)儒傢經典的吸收遠非被動的接受。我們將考察江戶時代“硃子學”如何被水戶學、古學派等學說所批判和改造,形成獨特的日本國傢主義哲學基礎。這種對中國文化源流的“選擇性繼承”,為後來的“脫亞入歐”思想提供瞭潛在的理論資源。重點分析伊藤仁齋、荻生徂徠等人對中國經典的批判性解讀,以及這些解讀如何與幕府的統治結構相互作用。 二、有限的海上通道與商業滲透 盡管官方嚴格控製,長崎的齣島(Dejima)成為觀察和引入“荷蘭學”(Rangaku)的唯一窗口。荷蘭人帶來的不僅是科學技術,還有關於世界地緣政治的碎片化信息。我們將分析清朝對琉球(先期納入中國朝貢體係,後被薩摩藩侵占)以及蝦夷地(北海道)的有限認知,以及這些認知如何影響其對日本整體戰略地位的判斷。德川幕府對“夷人”的統一管理策略,實際上在無意中強化瞭日本的中央集權和對外部信息流的控製。 三、社會階層的視角差異 商人階層、武士階層與知識分子對中國的認知存在顯著差異。武士階層可能將中國視為一個衰弱的宗主國形象,以彰顯自身武力與“尚武精神”的優越性;而部分漢學傢則沉浸於對古典中國的崇敬之中。這些內部的認知矛盾,為明治維新後日本對華政策的激進轉變埋下瞭伏筆。 第二部分:近代化的衝撞與權力的重構 (1854-1945) 本部分是中日關係史上最劇烈動蕩的時期,伴隨著日本的迅速工業化和中國的長期內部分裂。我們著重分析近代化路徑的選擇如何決定瞭兩國的衝突模式。 一、明治維新的“中國鏡像” 明治維新初期,日本積極學習西方的同時,依然將中國視為其“東方榜樣”的對立麵。分析《徵韓勸告》(江藤新平/闆垣退助的早期主張)如何將解決“中國問題”視為“解決日本問題”的前提。重點剖析甲午戰爭的戰略意圖,並非僅僅是控製朝鮮半島,更是對東亞霸權地位的最終宣示,以及戰後日本知識分子對中國“沉淪”原因的深刻反思(如福澤諭吉的論調)。 二、帝國主義擴張與文化霸權的坍塌 二十世紀初,列強瓜分中國的背景下,日本的侵略活動呈現齣不同於西方列強的特點:它利用瞭已有的文化聯係,進行“以華製華”的策略,並在意識形態上試圖構建“大東亞共榮圈”。我們將細緻考察“二十一條”的談判細節,以及日俄戰爭後日本對自身“亞洲領導者”角色的自我定位。研究僞滿洲國建立的過程,不僅是領土的侵占,更是日本對中國現代國傢建構模式進行的一次扭麯性實驗。 三、知識界的掙紮與反思 在帝國主義浪潮下,中國知識分子對日本的態度經曆瞭從“效法”到“警惕”的劇變。考察五四運動前後,中國留日學生群體對日本國內政治鬥爭(如大正民主運動)的關注,以及他們如何反過來批判日本軍國主義的興起,並試圖將這些經驗應用於中國的革命實踐中。 第三部分:戰後重構與冷戰的陰影 (1945-1989) 二戰的結束並未帶來直接的和解,而是被冷戰的超級大國競爭所重塑。本部分關注兩國如何在外部結構壓力下,實現關係正常化,並在經濟上形成相互依賴。 一、戰後處理與“政冷經熱”的萌芽 戰後,日本在美國的占領下,其對華政策被嚴格限製。分析周恩來政府在處理對日賠償問題上的審慎態度,以及這種剋製背後的戰略考量——即為未來關係正常化留下空間。我們將探討田中角榮訪華的突破性意義,它標誌著對“一個中國”原則的現實接受,以及中日經濟閤作的正式啓動。 二、經濟飛地的建立與“雁陣模式” 七十年代末期,中國開始改革開放,日本迅速成為中國最主要的經濟援助國和技術輸入國。本書將運用“雁陣模式”理論,分析日本的中小企業如何率先進入中國市場,以及這種經濟依賴性如何在一定程度上抵消瞭政治上的敏感性。重點分析亞洲經濟圈形成過程中,日本資本對中國沿海地區工業化的推動作用。 三、曆史認識與民間交流的復雜性 盡管官方關係趨於穩定,曆史問題依然是雙邊關係的潛在地雷。本部分將對比分析兩國在官方曆史教科書中的錶述差異,以及民間社會(特彆是老兵群體和青年學生)在曆史記憶傳承上的衝突與和解嘗試。 第四部分:全球化、民族主義與新世紀的挑戰 (1990-2013) 柏林牆倒塌和蘇聯解體後,冷戰的外部約束消失,中日關係開始更多地受到國內政治、民族主義情緒高漲以及全球經濟權力轉移的影響。 一、泡沫經濟破裂後的戰略焦慮 日本在九十年代失去“經濟火車頭”的地位,對中國經濟的崛起産生瞭復雜的混閤情感——既有市場機會的期待,也有被超越的焦慮。分析日本政府在安全政策上對美國依賴的加深,以及這種依賴如何影響其在東海、颱灣問題上的立場。 二、民族主義的周期性爆發 本部分重點研究進入二十一世紀以來,中日兩國國內民族主義情緒是如何被媒體、互聯網和政治事件(如靖國神社參拜、釣魚島/尖閣諸島爭端)所激化的。我們將探討兩國領導層在應對國內民族主義壓力時,如何進行風險評估和策略調整。 三、海洋爭端與國際法框架下的博弈 東海油氣田的勘探和對領土主權的堅持,成為新世紀兩國摩擦的最前沿。分析中日雙方在國際法(如《聯閤國海洋法公約》)框架下進行論辯和展示實力的策略,以及這種爭端如何反映瞭雙方在全球海洋秩序重建過程中的不同訴求。 結論:曆史、認知與未來走嚮 本書總結認為,中日關係史是一部關於“相互誤讀”與“被迫適應”的曆史。每一次重大的曆史轉摺點,都伴隨著一方對另一方戰略意圖的錯誤判斷。展望至2013年,兩國關係正處於一個關鍵的結構性調整期:中國的經濟和軍事實力已使日本無法再以“優勢者”的姿態進行互動。未來中日關係的穩定,將不再依賴於外部力量(如美國因素)的約束,而更取決於雙方能否在共同的文化遺産基礎上,建立起一套更為成熟、能夠有效管理分歧的“共存規範”。 本書主要參考瞭日本外務省檔案、中國外交部解密文件(如允許公開的部分)、以及大量的日本學者如細榖昌彥、入江啓吉、原田敬一等人的專業研究,旨在提供一個立足於東亞視角,避免西方中心論解讀的深度曆史分析。