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《国外电子与通信教材系列:光电子学与光子学·原理与实践(第2版)(英文版)》是在光电子和光子器件领域的一个最新的适合本科阶段的入门教科书,《国外电子与通信教材系列:光电子学与光子学·原理与实践(第2版)(英文版)》力求采用尽可能少的数学推导而强调通过物理概念来说明原理,提供了许多例题,使得课本概念与实际器件相联系,也提供了大量的练习题。
《国外电子与通信教材系列:光电子学与光子学·原理与实践(第2版)(英文版)》有非常清楚的文字和图,明确的解释使得问题很容易理解。与众不同的另一点是它既覆盖了光子学基本面,又具有较深的深度,包含了具体的器件设计和工程应用知识,将光子学和光电子基本理论与各种光子学应用相结合。所以这是一本对本科生、研究生以及光电工程师都非常有用的教科书。 内容简介
《国外电子与通信教材系列:光电子学与光子学·原理与实践(第2版)(英文版)》的主要内容包括光的波动特性,介质波导和光纤,半导体科学基础和LED,光放大器和激光器,光探测器和图像传感器,光的偏振和调制等。每个章节除了基本的题材,还给出一些附加主题适当介绍先进技术和产品化光电子器件实例,扩大和深化读者对基本内容的理解。
《国外电子与通信教材系列:光电子学与光子学·原理与实践(第2版)(英文版)》力求采用尽可能少的数学推导而强调通过物理概念来说明原理,提供了许多例题,使得课本概念与实际器件相联系,也提供了大量的练习题。 作者简介
S.O.Kasap,是加拿大萨斯喀彻温大学(University of Saskatchewan)电气工程系教授以及加拿大电子材料与器件首席科学家(Canada Research Chair)。他于1976年、1978年和1983年在伦敦大学帝国理工学院(Imperial College of Science。Technology and Medicine,University of London)分别获得学士、硕士和博士学位。他的研究兴趣涵盖了光电子材料与器件的许多方面,如光子晶体光纤布拉格光栅、光通信、医疗成像、半导体器件的电气噪声特性等。S.O.Kasap已在权威国际期刊发表多篇论文。他还是英国电气工程师学会(IEE)、英国物理学会和英国材料学会的会士。目前,他是Journal of Materials Science的副主编。 目录
Chapter 1 Wave Nature of Light
1.1 Light Waves in a Homogeneous Medium
1.2 Refractive Index and Dispersion
1.3 Group Velocity and Group Index
1.4 Magnetic Field, Irradiance, and Poynting Vector
1.5 Snell's Law and Total Internal Reflection (TIR)
1.6 Fresnel's Equations
1.7 Antireflection Coatings and Dielectric Mirrors
1.8 Absorption of Light and Complex Refractive Index
1.9 Temporal and Spatial Coherence
1.10 Superposition and Interference of Waves
1.11 Multiple Interference and Optical Resonators
1.12 Diffraction Principles
1.13 Interferometers
1.14 Thin Film Optics: Multiple Reflections in Thin Films
1.15 Multiple Reflections in Plates and Incoherent Waves
1.16 Scattering of Light
1.17 Photonic Crystals
Chapter 2 Dielectric Waveguides and Optical Fibers
2.1 Symmetric Planar Dielectric Slab Waveguide
2.2 Modal and Waveguide Dispersion in Planar
2.3 Step-Index Optical Fiber
2.4 Numerical Aperture
2.5 Dispersion In Single-Mode Fibers
2.6 Dispersion Modified Fibers and Compensation
2.7 Bit Rate, Dispersion, and Electrical and Optical Bandwidth
2.8 The Graded Index (GRIN) Optical Fiber
2.9 Attenuation in Optical Fibers
2.10 Fiber Manufacture
2.11 Wavelength Division Multiplexing: WDM
2.12 Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers and DWDM
2.13 Bragg Fibers
2.14 Photonic Crystal Fibers-Holey Fibers
2.15 Fiber Bragg Gratings and Sensors
Chapter 3 Semiconductor Science and Light-Emitting Diodes
3.1 Review of Semiconductor Concepts and Energy Bands
3.2 Semiconductor Statistics
3.3 Extrinsic Semiconductors
3.4 Direct and Indirect Bandgap Semiconductors:
3.5 pn Junction Principles
3.6 pn Junction Reverse Current
3.7 pn Junction Dynamic Resistance and Capacitances
3.8 Recombination Lifetime
3.9 pn Junction Band Diagram
3.10 Heterojunctions
3.11 Light-Emitting Diodes: Principles
3.12 Quantum Well High Intensity LEDs
3.13 LED Materials and Structures
3.14 LED Efficiencies and Luminous Flux
3.15 Basic LED Characteristics
3.16 LEDs for Optical Fiber Communications
3.17 Phosphors and White LEDs
3.18 LED Electronics
Chapter 4 Stimulated Emission Devices: Optical Amplifiers and Lasers
4.1 Stimulated Emission, Photon Amplification, and Lasers
4.2 Stimulated Emission Rate and Emission Cross-Section
4.3 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
4.4 Gas Lasers: The He-Ne Laser
4.5 The Output Spectrum of a Gas Laser
4.6 Laser Oscillations: Threshold Gain Coefficient
4.7 Broadening of the Optical Gain Curve and Linewidth
4.8 Pulsed Lasers: Q-Switching and Mode Locking
4.9 Principle of the Laser Diode
4.10 Heterostructure Laser Diodes
4.11 Quantum Well Devices
4.12 Elementary Laser Diode Characteristics
4.13 Steady State Semiconductor Rate Equations:
4.14 Single Frequency Semiconductor Lasers
4.15 Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers
4.16 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
4.17 Superluminescent and Resonant Cavity Leds:
4.18 Direct Modulation of Laser Diodes
4.19 Holography
Chapter 5 Photodetectors and Image Sensors
5.1 Principle of the pn Junction Photodiode
5.2 Shockley-Ramo Theorem and External Photocurrent
5.3 Absorption Coefficient and Photodetector Materials
5.4 Quantum Efficiency and Responsivity
5.5 The pin Photodiode
5.6 Avalanche Photodiode
5.7 Heterojunction Photodiodes
5.8 Schottky Junction Photodetector
5.9 Phototransistors
5.10 Photoconductive Detectors and Photoconductive
5.11 Basic Photodiode Circuits
5.12 Noise in Photodetectors
5.13 Image Sensors
5.14 Photovoltaic Devices: Solar Cells
Chapter 6 Polarization and Modulation of Light
6.1 Polarization
6.2 Light Propagation in an Anisotropic Medium:
6.3 Birefringent Optical Devices
6.4 Optical Activity and Circular Birefringence
6.5 Liquid Crystal Displays
6.6 Electro-Optic Effects
6.7 Integrated Optical Modulators
6.8 Acousto-Optic Modulator
6.9 Faraday Rotation and Optical Isolators
6.10 Nonlinear Optics and Second Harmonic Generation
6.11 Jones Vectors
…… 前言/序言
Preface
The first edition of this book was written more than 12 years ago. At the time it was meant as an easy-to-read book for third-year engineering or applied physics undergraduate students;it emphasized qualitative explanations and relied heavily on intuitive derivations. As things turned out, the first edition ended up being used in fourth-year elective classes, and even in graduate courses on optoelectronics. Many of the instructors teaching at that level rightly needed better derivations, more rigor, better explanations, and, of course, many more topics and problems. We have all at one time or another suffered from how wrong some intuitive short-cut derivations can be. The second edition was therefore prepared by essentially rewriting the text almost from scratch with much better rigor and explanations, but without necessarily dwelling on mathematical details. Many new exciting practical examples have been introduced, and numerous new problems have been added. The book also had to be totally modernized given that much had happened in the intervening 12 years that deserved being covered in an undergraduate course.
Features, Changes, and Revisions in the Second Edition
The second edition represents a total revision of the first edition, with numerous additional features and enhancements.
All chapters have been totally revised and extended.
Numerous modern topics in photonics have been added to all the chapters.
There are Additional Topics that can be covered in more advanced courses, or in courses that run over two semesters.
There are many more new examples and solved prblems within chapters, and many more practical end-of-chapter problems that start from basic concepts and build up onto advanced applications.
Nearly all the illustrations and artwork in the first edition have been revised and redrawn to better reflect the concepts.
Numerous new illustrations have been added to convey the concepts as clearly as possible.
Photographs have been added, where appropriate, to enhance the readability of the book and to illustrate typical modern photonic/optoelectronic devices.
The previous edition’s Chapter 7 on photovoltaics has been incorporated into this edition’s Chapter 5 as an Additional Topic, thus allowing more photonics-related topics to be covered.
Advanced or complicated mathematical derivations are avoided and, instead, the emphasis is placed on concepts and engineering applications.
Useful and essential equations in photonics are given with explanations and are used in examples and problems to give the student a sense of what typical values are.
Cross referencing in the second edition has been avoided as much as possible, without too much repetition, to allow various sections and chapters to be skipped as desired by the reader.
There is greater emphasis on practical or engineering examples; care has been taken to consider various photonics/optoelectronics courses at the undergraduate level across major universities.
The second edition is supported by an extensive PowerPoint presentation for instructors who have adopted the book for their course. The PowerPoint slides have all the illustrations in color, and include additional color photos. The basic concepts and equations are also highlighted in additional slides. There are also numerous slides with examples and solved problems. Instructors should visit www.pearsoninternationaleditions.com/kasap to access the PowerPoints.
The second edition is also supported by an extensive Solutions Manual for instructors only. This is available from the publisher at www.pearsoninternationaleditions/kasap.
The second edition continues to represent a first course in optoelectronic materials and devices suitable for a half- or one-semester course at the undergraduate level either at the thirdor fourth-year level in electrical engineering, engineering physics, and materials science and engineering departments. With its additional topics, it can also be used as an introductory textbook at the graduate level. Normally the students would not have covered Maxwell’s equations. Although Maxwell’s equations are mentioned in the text to alert the student, they are not used in developing the principles. It is assumed that the students would have taken a basic first- or second-year physics course, with modern physics, and would have seen rudimentary concepts in geometrical optics, interference, and diffraction, but not Fresnel’s equations and concepts such as group velocity and group index. Typically an optoelectronics course would be given either after a semiconductor devices course or concurrently with it. Students would have been exposed to elementary quantum mechanics concepts, perhaps in conjunction with a basic semiconductor science course.
Most topics are initially introduced through qualitative explanations to allow the concept to be grasped first before any mathematical development. The mathematical level is assumed to include vectors, complex numbers, and partial differentiation but excludes reliance on Fourier transforms. On the one hand, we are required to cover as much as possible and, on the other hand, professional engineering accreditation requires students to solve numerical problems and carry out “design calculations.” In preparing the text, I tried to satisfy engineering degree accreditation requirements in as much breadth as possible. Obviously one cannot solve numerical problems, carry out design calculations, and at the same time derive each equation without expanding the size of the text to an intolerable level. I have missed many topics but I have also covered many, though, undoubtedly, it is my own very biased selection.
I would like to thank two very special colleagues, whom I have known for a very long time, for their comments and help: Harry Ruda (University of Toronto) and Raman Kashyap (école Polytechnique de Montréal)—two perfect gentlemen who read some of the manuscript and made valuable criticisms toward this final version. write to me with your comments. Although I may not be able to reply to each individual comment and suggestion, I do read all my email messages and take good note of suggestions and comments. Many instructors did, in fact, write to me on the first edition, pointed out how things could have been done better, and various mistakes one never seems to be able to eliminate totally. I hope that the second edition will at least go far in satisfying some of their criticisms. There is an important old adage that goes something like this (somewhat paraphrased), “a good diagram is worth a thousand words, but a bad diagram takes a thousand words to explain.” I used a software package called Canvas to draw nearly all the line-art in the second edition as clearly as possible, and errors are all mea culpa; feel free to email me the errors you notice in the figures. All third-party artwork and photographs have been used with permission; and I’m grateful to Pearson Education for meticulously obtaining permission from copyright holders. If you like the second edition, and cannot wait for the third, you can always write your comments and recommendations directly to the Sponsoring Editor for Electrical Engineering, Pearson Higher Education, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458, USA. This is the best way to have your input heard.
Resources for Instructors
Instructor’s Solutions Manual. An instructor’s solutions manual was prepared by the author.
Presentation Resources. All art from the text is available in PowerPoint slide and JPEG format.
These files are available for download from the instructor Resource Center at
Kasap. If you are in need of a login and password for this site, please contact your local Pearson Prentice-Hall representative.
《光学物理学:基础与前沿》 内容简介 本书是一本深度探讨光学物理学原理及其在各个领域最新应用的研究专著。它旨在为光学、物理学、电子工程、材料科学等相关专业的学生、研究人员和工程师提供一个全面而系统的知识体系,并引导读者理解光学现象背后的深刻物理机制。本书内容涵盖了从经典光学的基础理论,到现代光子学的前沿发展,力求在理论严谨性与实践应用性之间找到最佳的平衡点。 第一部分:经典光学基础 本书的开篇从经典光学最核心的概念入手,逐步深入。 光的波动性与干涉、衍射: 详细阐述了光作为一种电磁波的本质,并通过详实的数学推导和图示,解释了杨氏双缝干涉、菲涅尔衍射、夫琅禾费衍射等经典实验现象。重点分析了干涉条纹的形成条件、衍射图案的规律以及不同孔径和障碍物对衍射行为的影响。此外,本书还介绍了薄膜干涉、光栅衍射等更复杂的干涉和衍射现象,并探讨了它们在光谱分析、光学测量等方面的应用。 光的偏振: 深入剖析了光的偏振现象,包括线偏振、圆偏振、椭圆偏振的形成与表征。本书介绍了产生偏振光的方法,如反射、折射、散射和双折射,并详细讲解了偏振片、波片等光学元件的工作原理。偏振在液晶显示、光学成像、光通信等领域的应用将得到充分的讨论。 光的吸收、反射与折射: 详细介绍了光与物质相互作用的基本规律。在吸收方面,阐述了物质对不同波长光的选择性吸收,以及吸收系数、消光系数等概念。在反射方面,区分了镜面反射和漫反射,并介绍了惠更斯原理在解释反射规律中的作用。在折射方面,深入讲解了斯涅尔定律,并分析了全反射现象及其在光纤传输中的关键作用。 几何光学与成像原理: 基于光的直线传播假设,本书系统地阐述了透镜、反射镜的成像原理,包括焦距、放大率、像的位置等。详细分析了单透镜成像、多透镜成像系统,如望远镜、显微镜的成像特点。同时,也讨论了像差的产生及其校正方法,为理解复杂光学系统的设计奠定基础。 第二部分:量子光学与光与物质相互作用 随着科学的发展,对光的量子本质的理解成为光学研究的重点。本部分将深入探讨量子光学及其在光与物质相互作用中的表现。 光子的概念与光电效应: 介绍了普朗克的量子假说和爱因斯坦的光子说,解释了光电效应的实验现象及其意义,包括截止频率、饱和光电流等。本书将从量子力学的角度分析光子的能量和动量,以及光子与电子的能量交换过程。 受激发射与激光原理: 详尽阐述了爱因斯坦的受激发射和自发发射理论,这是激光器产生的理论基石。本书详细介绍了激光器的基本组成部分,包括增益介质、谐振腔和抽运源,并深入分析了激光器的工作原理、阈值条件、光束特性(单色性、方向性、相干性、高亮度)以及不同类型的激光器(如气体激光器、固体激光器、半导体激光器)。 光与原子、分子的相互作用: 深入研究了光与物质之间的量子力学相互作用。包括原子和分子的能级结构,以及它们如何吸收和发射特定频率的光子。拉曼散射、荧光、磷光等现象将被详细解释,并探讨它们在光谱分析、生物成像等领域的应用。 光学非线性现象: 随着高强度激光器的发展,光学非线性现象的研究变得尤为重要。本书将介绍二次谐波产生(SHG)、三次谐波产生(THG)、自聚焦、自相位调制等非线性光学效应。这些现象在光信号处理、频率转换、新型光学材料开发等方面具有广泛的应用前景。 第三部分:现代光子学与前沿应用 本部分将聚焦于光子学领域最前沿的技术和应用,展示光学物理学如何驱动现代科技的进步。 光纤光学与通信: 详细阐述了光纤作为光传输媒介的原理,包括全反射、光纤的模式理论、色散和损耗。本书将重点介绍光纤通信系统的组成,如光源、调制器、光纤传输、光放大器和接收器,并讨论光纤通信在现代信息社会中的关键作用。 半导体光电器件: 深入分析了半导体材料的光学特性和电子特性,以及它们如何结合形成各种光电器件。包括发光二极管(LED)、激光二极管(LD)、光电二极管(PD)、光电探测器(APD)等。本书将解释这些器件的工作原理、性能参数及其在显示技术、通信、传感等领域的应用。 光存储与信息技术: 探讨了光学原理在信息存储技术中的应用,从早期的光盘(CD、DVD)到未来的全息存储技术。本书将介绍信息编码、解码、读写的基本原理,并展望光学存储技术在提升信息存储密度和速度方面的潜力。 光传感与测量技术: 详细介绍了利用光学原理进行精密测量的各种技术,如干涉测量、全息测量、光纤传感、激光雷达(LiDAR)等。这些技术在工业检测、环境监测、医疗诊断、科学研究等领域发挥着不可替代的作用。 纳米光子学与超材料: 这是一个极具活力的新兴领域。本书将介绍纳米尺度下光与物质的相互作用,以及如何设计和制造具有特殊光学性能的纳米结构和超材料。包括表面等离激元(plasmonics)、超表面(metasurfaces)等概念,以及它们在光捕获、隐身技术、高效催化等方面的潜在应用。 结语 《光学物理学:基础与前沿》力求为读者提供一个全面、深入、与时俱进的光学知识体系。通过理论阐述、公式推导、实例分析和前沿展望,本书希望能够激发读者对光学物理学的浓厚兴趣,培养其解决复杂光学问题的能力,并为他们未来的研究和创新工作提供坚实的基础。本书适合作为高等院校相关专业的教材或参考书,也是光学领域研究人员和工程师不可或缺的参考读物。